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Notes 6 For ENGI3731
Notes 6 For ENGI3731
Notes 6 For ENGI3731
Advantages
Flexible
Easily constructed
Economical
Disadvantages
Burns rapidly,
Decays if exposed to
moisture
Changes volume with
moisture changes
Framing unattractive
(must be covered)
6.1 WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION - AN
OVERVIEW
In 1865, G.E. Woodward wrote ”A man and a boy can now attain the
same results, with the ease, that twenty men could on an old-fashioned
frame… the balloon frame can be put up for forty percent less money
than the mortise and tenon frame”
Framed solely with slender, closely spaced wooden members - Joist for
floors, studs for walls, and rafters for sloping roofs - Heavy beams were
eliminated
The full length studs ran continuously for two stories from foundation to
roof; hence not efficient for erection - The tall hollow spaces, in
between the studs, acted as multiple chimneys, spreading the fire very
rapidly to upper floors
6.3 Balloon Framing (Cont’d)
Advantages
Short, easily handled lumber
Made entirely of 2” lumber
Automatic fire stop
Working platforms
Nail Connections
Damp-
proofing
Drainage Stone
under SOG
Stone for often w/ Vapor
Drainage Barrier
Perforated
Drainage Concrete
Pipe Strip
Footing
Thickened Slab-on-Grade
Load
Stone Thickened
Base SOG
Damp-proofing, Protection Board, & Drainage
Sequenced Photos of a Home Under Construction
Foundation
Foundation Materials
Granular
SubBase
Foundation Insulation
Sill Material
– Decay Resistant
Termite Shield
Sill Attachment
– Anchor Bolts
– Expansion Bolts
– Add’l for Wind / Quake
Set to Line & Elevation
Floor Framing - Spacing & Splicing
Spacing
– Factors Influencing Joist Spacing:
» Floor Loading (Minimums in Code) & Span Length
» Strength of Joist Material Used
» Sheathing (strength & size)
– Designation - Inches “o.c.” (on center)
» Typical - 16” oc (Other Typ. Options - 12” or 24”)
Splicing a) In - Line (w/ metal strap or wood)
b) Lapped
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Floor Framing Material
2” Material
(larger sizes optional)
Trusses
Wood,
I-Beams
Metal, or
Combination
Floor Framing
Bridging & Anchorage
Bridging
Joist Hanger •Material - Wood or Metal
•Metal - Sized to Joist •Purpose:
•Purpose Improve Rigidity
Hold Joist Straight &
Anchorage &
Distribute Loads
Support •Code requires for joists > 2x12
Wall Framing Layout
Framing Member Size & Spacing
Loads - Vertical & Lateral
– Floor Loads, # of Stories, Roof Loads, Wind, Quake
– Minimum - Code Requirements
Attachment of:
– Exterior and
– Interior Finishes
Opening Locations - Doors & Windows
Insulation Requirements (may elect to use ‘deeper
framing to accommodate thicker insulation)
Framing Terminology
Top Plate -
Stud Often Doubled
Header
Sheathing
Sole Plate
Constructing the Wall Framing
Build on the Platform & Tilt-up or
Build in Place
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Wall Framing
32
6.5 EIGHT STEPS ………. (Cont’d)
33
Wall Sheathing
Materials:
– Typically – OSB or Plywood
– Insulating Sheathing - (no structural qualities)
34
Sheathing Purposes:
Joins & stabilizes the structure
Resists uplift
Resists wracking- Resists lateral forces
Provides surface for finish material
35
Roof Framing Built-in-Place Roof
Framing Built-in-Place
Ridge Board
Rafters
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Collar Ties
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Lookouts
Gable
Framing
38
Note Strand
Orientation
Hurricane
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Clip
Roof Profiles
Flat Roof
Single Pitch
40
Roof Profiles
Gable Roof
Hip
Hip Roof
Ridge
41
Siding
42