NAME PALAK

CLASS XII C

SUBJECT PSYCHOLOGY
PROJECT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my Psychology
teacher Diksha Singh ma’am who gave
me this golden opportunity to do this
wonderful presentation which helped
me in doing a lot of research and I
came to know about so many things..

PALAK
Xii C
 Introduction
• Stress is any demand placed on your brain or
physical body. Any event or scenario that
makes you feel frustrated or nervous can
trigger it.
• Anxiety is a feeling of fear, worry, or unease.
While it can occur as a reaction to stress, it can
also happen without any obvious trigger.
 Music Therapy
Music Therapy is the clinical use of music to
accomplish individualized goals such as
reducing stress , improving mood and self
expression. It is an evidence – based therapy
well – established in the health community.
Music Therapy can help you psychologically ,
emotionally , physically , spiritually ,
cognitively , and socially.
 Types of music therapy
 Analytical music therapy: This relational model
uses music to explore relationships between the
self and others and music. It's a type of
psychotherapy rooted in analytic traditions and
encourages self-exploration through music.
 Benenzon music therapy: This type of nonverbal
psychotherapy uses body-sound-non-verbal
techniques to process and analyze the relationship
between the therapist and client to develop the
client’s well-being.
o Nordoff-Robbins music therapy: This approach holds that
everyone has a sensitivity to music that can be used to
foster personal growth and development.
o Cognitive-behavioral music therapy: This combines
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with music, introducing
clients to CBT concepts using music as a non verbal
facilitation tool.
o The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM):
This is a type of transformational psychotherapy that uses
selected parts of classical music to encourage and support
the processing of experiences through guided imagery.
Benefits of Music Therapy for stress and anxiety

Emotional Benefits –
- Music can call up repressed emotions that may then
be released.
- Music can lessen feelings of isolation.
- Improves mood.
- Decreases depression.
- Anxiety reduction.
Cognitive Benefits –
- Music can provide an increase in sense of
control.
- IT enhances coping skills.
Social Benefit -
- Music can bring people together socially not
just at large gatherings such as parties , weddings
or funerals but in informal intimate shared
experiences such as hospitals also.
 Dance Therapy
 Dance therapy defined as the
psychotherapeutic use of movement
to promote emotional, social, cognitive, and
physical integration of the individual, for
the purpose of improving health and well-
being.
 Improvement of body through dance
therapy
Promotes calm: By using DANCE THERAPY, Kinsley says a therapist can provide
body-based strategies to support down-regulating the system, which allows for
an increased sense of calm.

Self-awareness: In the treatment of eating disorders, building self-awareness

can help people feel more connected to their body's physical signals.
"Emphasis on the body supports the client in developing the awareness needed
to identify physical and emotional sensations of hunger and fullness.“

Coping skills: DANCE THERAPY can also serve as a way to build coping skills to
use outside of the therapy setting. "With the support of the therapist, you can
use movement and understanding of your movement preferences to explore
strengths and signals of stress, distress, and triggers," Kinsley says.
 Lucia Clohessy
https://youtu.be/-io-uld2JFU
 CASE STUDY
John is a 9-year-old autistic boy. He is non-verbal, quite isolated,
finds it difficult to control his behaviour and struggles with changes.
He is extremely aggressive, both towards his peers and staff
members, but also towards himself. He often scratches and hits, as
well as spits at his surroundings. John’s home situation is overly
complex; he is a single child, his parents are separated and the
general feeling at home is stressful and tense, which affects his
behaviour and mood. Lately, his class teacher noticed that he seems
more anxious than usual; he became more aggressive in class, he
had frequent toilet accidents, cried a lot and in general seemed
unsettled. After speaking with mum, she found out that John has a
new baby sister. John struggled very much with accepting the
change of the new addition to the family.
As John is non-verbal and struggles to communicate his feelings, emotions,
and frustrations, he acts out aggressively. This is his coping mechanism.
After trying different strategies to support John, his class teacher referred
him to music therapy with the aims of supporting his emotional wellbeing
and providing him an emotional outlet. It was hoped that due to the
creative nature of music, music therapy would provide John a means of
communication, without the need of speaking. On our first session, John
came to the music room accompanied by his personal support staff
member. John seemed upset and was quite reluctant to participate with
the musical activities I offered; I tried to sing some nice music and songs
and to calm him down. John responded by breaking a beater and hitting
me, then leaving the room and refusing to come back. The following week
we tried again, and like the first session, he presented with challenging
behaviour, throwing instruments, and spitting.
 Researches
What researches show about effect of music therapy
on anxiety?
 A 2013 Cochrane systematic review of 26 studies
involving a total of 2,051 participants found that
listening to recorded music significantly reduced
anxiety in people who were waiting to have
surgery. However, there was potential for bias in
most of the studies because the investigators who
performed the studies knew which participants had
listened to music.
 A 2016 Cochrane systematic review of 17 studies involving a
total of 1,381 participants evaluated the effect of music-based
interventions on anxiety in adults with cancer. The findings
from the review suggested that music-based interventions
may have a large anxiety-reducing effect as well as beneficial
effects on pain, fatigue, and quality of life in people with
cancer. However, there was a high risk of bias in the studies.
 A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 studies (290
participants) in people who were receiving in center
maintenance hemodialysis suggested that listening to music
reduced anxiety. However, the studies included in the review
have limitations because of their small size and high risk of
bias.
Thank you