AZERBAIJAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

NAME-Abrar saeed
Group 220i-6a
DEPARTMENT-EPIDEMOLOGY
DI S EAS ES S PREAD
THROUGH AEROS OL ROUTE- According to the Centers for Disease Contro
AI RBORNE DISEASES l and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, airbo
rne diseases can spread through a direct or
A i r b o r n e diseases pass f r o m one an indirect form of transmission, depending
p e r s o n t o a n o t h e r when on the germ involved.
microorganisms travel through The pathogens may enter the air in wet
t h e air. Ch icke n p o x, t h e c o m m o n droplets, for example, when someone
cold, and COVID-19 are e xa m p le s breathes or sneezes. There, they will be
of suspended in the air, and some droplets dry
a i r b o r n e diseases. out, leaving microscopic particles. While
suspended in the air, these particles can
attach to or enter the body systems of
people nearby.
\ S o m e p a r t i c l e s ,s uc hast h ef ungusAspergillus,arew i d e ly presentTr
ustedSourceintheenvironment.I toc cursinsoil,
p lan t s , i n c lu d i n g d e c o m p o s i n g p lan t m at t e r , h o u s e h o ld
d u s t , and building materials, as well as f o o d and
wat er. During
b u i l d i n g r e n o v a t i o n s , b r e a t h i n g in d u s t t h a t c o n t a i n s t h e
f ungus
m a y cause di sease in s o m e p e o p l e .
Anthrax,t o o , ispresenti n t h e s o i l i n m an y p lac e s ar o u n d t he
world. When d u s t f o r m s f r o m t h a t soil, a p e r s o n can
b e c o m e sick i f t h e y b r e a t h e in anthrax spores.
C om m on a ir b or n e
di n dise a se s
De p e n d i n g o n t h e t y p e o f o r g an i s m , t h e d e g r e e o f e x p o s u r e , an d
i v i d u a l f a c t o r s , a i r b o r n e p a r t i c l e s m a y c a u se i l lness t o
develop i f exposure occurs.
M an y d i s e as e s c an ar i s e af t e r e x p o s u r e t o ai r b o r n e
p ar t i c le s , i n c l u d i n g :
t he com moncold, w h i c h c an d e v e lo p f r o m a
r h i n o v i r u s c h i c k e np o x, c a u s e d b y the Var icella
zoster virus
m u mp s, caused by a paramyxovirus
measles, caused by another paramyxovirus
who opingcough,a b ac t e r i al i n f e c t i o n c au s e d b y
Bo r d e t e lla p e r t u s s i s
COVID-19, c a u s e d b y t h e SARS-Co V - 2 virus
aspergillosis, caused by the Aspergillus fungus
tuberculosis(TB), c au s e d b y t h e b ac t e r i u m
M y c o b ac t e r i u m t u b e r c u l o s i s
C om m on a ir b or n e
d ise a se s
anthrax, a b a c t e r i a l i n f e c t i o n r e s u l t i n g f r o m c o n t a c t wi t h
Bacillus anthracis spores
d ip h t h e r i a, a b a c t e r i a l i n f e c t i o n c a u s e d b y
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
m e n i ngi t i s, w h i c h c a n r e s u l t f r o m e x p o s u r e t o c e r t a i n
b a c t e r i a l , viral, or fungal p a r t i c l e s
 COMMON COLD
MillionsTrusted Source of cases of the common cold occur each year in the
United States. Most adults get two or three colds a year. Children tend to get
them more frequently.
The common cold is the top reason for absences at school and work. There are
many viruses that can cause a cold, but it’s usually a rhinovirus.
Influenza
Most of us have some experience with the flu. It spreads so easily because it’s
contagious about a day before you notice the first symptoms. It remains
contagious for another 5 to 7 days. If you have a weakened immune system for
any reason, you can spread it to others longer than that.
There are many strains of the flu, and they are constantly changing. That makes it
difficult for your body to develop immunities.
CHICKENPOX
C h i c k e np o x is c a u s e d b y t h e v a r i c e l l a - z o s t e r virus. I f y o u h ave
c h i c k e n p o x , y o u c a n s p r e a d it for a d a y or t w o b e f o r e y o u g e t t h e
t e llt a le r a s h . I t t a k e s u p t o 2 1 d a y s a f t e r e x p o s u r e f o r t h e d i s e a s e
t o develop.
M o s t p e o p l e g e t c h i c k e n p o x o n l y onc e , a n d t h e n t h e v i r u s g o e s
dormant.
S h o u l d t h e v i r u s r e a c t i v a t e l a t e r in l i fe, y o u g e t a p a i n fu l skin
c o n d i t i o n c a l l e d s hi ngl e s.
I f y o u h ave n ’ t h a d c h i c k e n p o x , y o u c a n c o n t r a c t it f r o m s o m e o n e
wit h shingles.
MUMPS
M u mp s is a n o t h e r v e r y c o n t a g i o u s viral d i s e a s e . You c a n s p r e a d it b e f o r e
s y m p t o m s a p p e a r a n d for u p t o 5 d a y s after. M u m p s u s e d t o b e q u i t e c o m m o n in
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , b u t r a t e s h ave d e c l i n e d by d u e t o v a c c i n a t i o n .
F r o m J a n u a r y 1 t o J a n u a r y 25, 2 0 2 0 , 7 0 c a s e s in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w e r e
r e p o r t e d t o t h e C D C . O u t b r e a k s t e n d t o o c c u r in d e n s e l y p o p u l a t e d
environments.
 Whooping cough (pertussis)
This respiratory illness causes swelling of the airways that results in a persistent
hacking cough. It’s at the height of contagiousness for about 2 weeks after the
coughing starts.
Worldwide, there are about 24.1 million Trusted Source cases of whooping cough
every year, resulting in 160,700 deaths.
In 2018Trusted Source, there were 15,609 reported cases in the United States.
Tuberculosis (TB)
TB, also known as consumption, is an airborne disease. This is a bacterial infection
that doesn’t spread easily. You generally have to be in close contact with a person
who has it for a long time.
You can contract TB without becoming ill or transmitting it to others.People with a
weakened immune system have the greatest risk of developing the disease.
Symptoms can appear within days of exposure. For some, it takes months or years
to activate.
When the disease is active, bacteria rapidly multiply and attack the lungs. It can
spread through your bloodstream and lymph nodes to other organs, bones, or skin.
Treatment for common airborne diseases
For most airborne diseases, you’ll need plenty of rest and fluids. Further
treatment depends on your specific illness.
Some airborne diseases, such as chickenpox, have no targeted treatment.
However, medications and other supportive care can help relieve symptoms.
Some, such as the flu, can be treated with antiviral drugs.
Treatment for infants with whooping cough can include antibiotics, and hospitalization
is often needed.
There are drugs to treat and cure TB, although some strains of TB are drug
resistant. Failure to complete the course of medicine can lead to drug resistance
and return of symptoms.
If caught early enough, diphtheria can be successfully treated with antitoxins
and antibiotics.
 PREVENTIO
N
Athough it’s impossible to completely avoid airborne pathogens, there are some things you can do
to lower your chances of getting sick:
Avoid close contact with people who have active symptoms of disease.
Stay home when you’re sick. Don’t let vulnerable people come in close contact with you.
If you must be around others, wear a face mask to prevent spreading or breathing in germs.
Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. Use a tissue or your elbow to cut down on the
possibility of transmitting germs on your hands.
Wash your hands thoroughly (at least 20 seconds) and often, especially after sneezing or
coughing.
Avoid touching your face or other people with unwashed hands.
 Personal protective equipment forms a cornerstone of protection against airborne diseases. [7][14]
[21] All healthcare workers who enter the negative pressure room should wear an appropriately fit- tested
N95 respirator. The N95 respirators are individually fitted and can filter particles one micron i size. Studies
show that the mask has a 95% filter efficiency and provides a tight facial seal with less than a 10% leak.
To use the respirator appropriately, one should do the following: Hand
hygiene should be performed before putting on a respirator.
Perform a seal check. This may be done by covering your respirator with both hands and exhaling
sharply. If air blows out from the edges, sealing should be repeated.
To avoid self-contamination after use, remove the respirator using the straps. Avoid touching an part the part
which may have microorganisms on it.
When the respirator is not in use, it should not be dangled in front of the neck or top of the head If the
respirator becomes soiled, wet, or is splashed with body fluids, it should be promptly removed.
After use, the respirator should be removed, and one should thoroughly wash hands.
The N95 respirator must be fit tested for all healthcare workers assigned to treat the particular patient.