Cement

Stabilization of
Soil
 Stabilization
• Soil stabilization is defined as a chemical, physical,
biological, mechanical, or combined technique that
maintains or improves the stability of weak soils to
achieve engineering goals.
• The pozzolanic reactions between the stabilizer (binder)
and the soil particles improve the quality of the
stabilized soft soil.
Methods of Stabilization
• Mechanical stabilisation
• Through Rollers
• Chemical Stabilisation
• Fly Ash
• Lime
• Cement
Cement stabilization
• An engineered mixture of pulverized in-situ soil, water
and moderate proportion of Portland cement, resulting
in a semi bound to bound material, with engineering
properties similar to an granular material. Will still
provide improved soil shear and compressive strength.
Pozzolanic Reaction
Using Places
• Highway Road,
• Airport Runways,
• Parkways
• Rail Track
Construction Procedure
 Generally, the amount of cement required to treat expansive soils ranges from 2 to 6
percent by weight of Soil.
 A cement content of 2 to 6 percent can produce a soil that acts as a semirigid slab
 Excavation and spreading of material to the required layer thickness for stabilizing.
 Cement Spreading with regular checks to control dosage
 Mixing to a depth depending on the soil and on the design requirement.
 Sealing the material, preventing carbonization of the cement while react with the
moisture in the soil. This involves trimming of the treated layer using bulldozers and
passing over the smooth roller.
 Compacting the treated layer with a Sheepfoot Tamping roller until required
compaction is achieved.
 Curing for 7days minimum
Roadway Reclaimer
Vibratory Sheepfoot Tamping Roller
Types of Soil Cement stabilization
• Cement Modified Soils (CMS)
• A mixture of pulverized in-situ soil, water and small proportion of Portland
cement resulting in an unbound or slightly bound material, similar to a soil,
but with improved engineering properties.
• Cement Stabilized Subgrades (CSS)
• An engineered mixture of pulverized in-situ soil, water and moderate
proportion of Portland cement, resulting in a semi bound to bound material,
with engineering properties similar to an granular material. Will still provide
improved soil shear and compressive strength.
• Cement Treated Base (CTB)
• Fully bound engineered mixture of soil/aggregate, water and sufficient
Portland cement to meet the project specified minimum durability and
strength requirements. CTB can be mixed-in-place using on-site soils or
mixed in a central plant using selected aggregate.

• Full Depth Reclamation (FDR)

• Full-depth reclamation (FDR) rebuilds worn out pavements by recycling
the existing roadway in-situ. The old pavement section and base
materials are pulverized, mixed with cement and water, and compacted
to produce a strong, durable base for a new pavement surface.
Key Features
Advantages of Cement Stabilization
 It is used mainly for treatment of subgrades below
pavements or slabs
 Increased Compressive Strength and durability.
 Reduce permeability.
 Reduce Linear Shrinkage rate up to 10%.
 Cement is manufactured under strict BIS standard
ensuring uniformity of quality and performance.
 Cement is readily available across the country in bag or
bulk quantities.
Advantages of Cement Stabilization
 Environmental benefits of reduced geotextile, borrow pit
clay and quarry import.
 Additional environmental benefits from reducing extra
excavation and disposal by modification to suitable material.
 Less expansive than remove and replace.
 Less Expansive than granular subbase.
 Time Saving
 Reduces soil susceptibility to moisture
Disadvantages of Cement Stabilization
 if proper construction procedures are followed, the effects
of shrinkage cracks can be minimized.
 With this method it is difficult to mix deeper than about 12
inches. (300 mm)
 Ineffective in heavy freeze areas
 Ineffective in high ground water areas.
 Dust nuisance for neighbour
Difference between Cement and Lime Stabilization
• One difference in technique is that the time between cement addition and
final mixing should be shorter than that used for lime treatment.
• Cement has a shorter hydration and setting time
• Because of the strength increase that can be generated by the use of cement
• The soil-cement mixture can increase pavement and slab strength significantly.
• Mixing methods, and hence, processing costs are nearly the same for lime and
cement. Overall treatment costs may be similar for both
• Lime is not an effective treatment for all types of soils. In general, clay soils
with a minimum of 25 percent passing the No
Average percent Change in Properties of Soils
Thank You