DENSITAS JARINGAN

DENSITAS JARINGAN

 HIPERLUSEN/AIR DENSITY
 RADIOLUSEN/FAT DENSITY
 WATER DENSITY/INTERMEDIATE
 RADIOPAK/BONE DENSITY
 HIPERADIOPAK/METAL DENSITY
X-ray Examination
• Routine : PA
• Special :
Lateral (Left, Right)
AP
Top Lordotic
Oblique (Left, Right)
Lateral decubitus
Foto Thorak PA

5
Foto Thorak Lateral

6
Foto Thorak AP

7
Foto Top Lordotik
Top lordotic chest x-ray
Indication :
• To studies disorder located on apex / medial lobe
Procedure:
• Place patient between film and x-ray source
• Have the patient stand 30 cm in front with back
placed on the cassete
• Set top part of the cassete 1 inch above the
shoulder
• Centered ray on manubrium sterni
Foto Oblique
 Foto RLD/ LLD
RLD L
LLD
L

DBD/DHF
D
Lateral decubitus chest
film
Indication :
• To study fluid in pleural cavity that is around 100-200
cc
• Or fluid accumulation that is not yet determined on PA
studies
• Free air
Procedure
• Have the patient lying down on left/right side with
elbow above the head
• Center ray on vert. Thoracal 6-7 from anterior/
posterior aspect
What studied in chest x-ray

 Size, shape and position of heart

 Trachea and Aorta
 Lung
 Lung parenchime
 Hilum
 Bronchovascular marking
 Sinus costophrenicus D/S
 Hemidiafragma D/S
 Soft tissue
 Bone : Costae , clavicle and scapula
Normal Lung
 lobar pneumonia


Bulging fissure sign: produksi eksudat inflamasi yang sangat
cepat memenuhi ruang alveoli
 Round pneumonia

Umumnya pada anak-anak



Penyebab tersering Streptococcus pneumoniae


Lung TB
 Miliary TB

DD: metastasis tipe milier

Lung metastasis

 Multiple nodul
opaq dengan
ukuran
bervariasi pada
kedua lapang
paru

  Metastasis
Effusi pleura dekstra
Pneumothorak
 Clear space pada
hemithorak
sinistra yang
mendesak
parenkim paru
sinistra

 Pneumothorak
Lung TB

 Fibroinfiltrat
dengan multiple
cavitas pada
lapang atas paru
dekstra
  TB paru aktif
Edema Paru
 Tampak
peningkatan
corakan vasculer
dengan infiltrat
perivasculer,
bilateral simetris
(bat wings)

  edema
pulmonum
Lung abcess
 Tampak cavitas
dengan
perselubungan air
fluid level pada
lapang atas paru
dekstra

  abcess paru
Lung CA
 Tampak
perpadatan
dengan tepi
spiculated pada
parahiler paru
dekstra

  Lung Ca
How Fractures Are Described

 By the direction of the fracture line

 By the relationship of the fragments
 By the number of fragments
 By communication with the atmosphere
 By the direction of
the fracture line
 Transverse
 Diagonal or oblique
 Longitudinal
 Spiral
Skull fracture
 Fractur linear
pada os temporal
dekstra hingga
margo superior
orbita
Fractur
 Fractur os
patella dengan
separasi
fragment
fractur
Fractur
 Fractur obliq
komplit
pertengahan os
ulna dengan
shortening dan
angulasi ke
anterior
 Aligment tulang
 Bone : trabekulasi
normal/ porotik
 Tidak tampak lesi litik/
blastik patologis
 Tampak osteofit L1-5
 Space intervertebralis
tidak menyempit
 Tidak tampak kompresi
korpus vertebra
 Pedikel intak
 Procc spinosus dan
transversus baik
Foto Polos Abdomen

 Menilai: ada tidaknya

 Batu radio opaque, perkapuran
 Bayangan tumor mass
 Organ2 ginjal, lien, hepar, garis psoas
 Distribusi gas pada usus, fecal material
 Tulang punggung
 Rongga panggul: VU, uterus, mass supra pubis
BNO
Staghorn
Calculi
BNO 3 posisi
pneumoperitoneum, illeus
Ileus Obstruksi

- Dilatasi lumen intestine (herring bone appearance)

- Air fluid level (step ladder pattern) pada foto LLD
Urografi Intra Vena

 Kelanjutan BNO  media kontras IV

 Menilai: anatomi saluran kencing,
fungsi ren, massa tumor parenkim ginjal.
 Px resiko tinggi media kontras non ionik
atau ionik dimer
 Persiapan pasien kontroversial
Intravenous pyelography

 Indication : suspected urinary track pathology

 Patient preparation :
- Porridge meal only 2 days prior to examination
- Bowel preparation night before examination :
- 8 pm : dulcolax 2 tabs
- 9 pm : dulcolax 2 tabs
- 10 pm : garam inggris 15 mg soluted with water
- 5 am : dulcolax supp
- Patient do not allow to smoke
- Patient should be ambulant for 2 hours prior to the
examination  reduce bowel gas
INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAFI – TECHNIQUE OF
EXAMINATION
FILMING SEQUENCE
• 1 minute : Nephrogram phase
• Ureteral compression/peristaltic
• 5 minute : kidney’s collecting system
• 15 – 30 minute : ureter
• 60 minute : bladder
• Post voiding ––> - Passage of contrast agent
- Simptom of lower urinary tract
- Suspected stone
Normal excretory phase of an IVU
(intravenous urogram). This film
was taken approximately 10 minutes
following IV injection of iodinated
contrast material. The kidneys are
excreting contrast into calyces
(arrows), renal pelvis (p), ureters (*)
and bladder (B)
IVU 1 (Batu Ureter Kanan
) IVU 2
(Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis)

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