APPLIANCES &

INSTRUMENTS
Dr. Yusra Shaukat
Resident Orthodontics
Examination instruments
-designed for easy placement of separators.
Mouth Mirror
• Allowing indirect vision by
the dentist
• reflecting light onto desired
surfaces
• retraction of soft tissues
Explorer
• Determine the presence of
caries
• Explore other enamel and
dentin defects
Tweezer
• Handling cotton pellets, cotto
n rolls, small instruments, or
other small items placed into
or withdrawn from the mouth
Wax knife
-Used for carving wax patterns
Adam’s Plier
-For handling and bending orthodontic wires
Birdbeak Plier
-For bending orthodontic wires especially for the formation of
loops
Straight wire cutter
-For cutting archwires
Distal end cutter
-Used to cut off the ends of your arch wires and then safety holds the loose distal
end to prevent wire from going into oral tissue.
Wire tucker
-Allows operator to apply pressure to archwire to insert it to
the bracket slot./For tucking the wire in the bracket slot.
Weingart plier
-Placement and removal of archwires
Mathieu orthodontic plier
-For the placement of elastic ligatures
Separator placing plier
-Designed for easy placement of separators.
Band Seater
-Used to place and adjust orthodontic bands. It allows the patients to bite to push
the bands into proper position
Band pusher
-Used for fitting and positioning an orthodontic band on a tooth.
Bracket Holder
-A reverse action instrument used to hold and place orthodontic brackets.
Bracket remover
-For removal of brackets, while griping the bracket from the upper and lower
wings.
Band remover
-For removal of orthodontic bands
Open coil
spring

• Used for opening/creating

spaces between the teeth
• Is activated by closing
Orthodontic
band/Molar
band
• To provide a solid anchor to
the archwire that runs along
the span of the braces
• Used in partially erupted
teeth
• Used in situations where a
bracket on back teeth can
easily break when biting
Power chain

They're often used to close

gaps between teeth, but can
also help align your teeth and
jaw.
Elastics
Apply force to correct
malocclusions like:
• Class II
Class II elastics
• Class III
• Crossbite
• Openbite
Archwires
NiTi Archwire
(has shape memory)

• Used along with dental

braces in order to correct
irregularities in the teeth's
positioning
• Archwire can be used to
maintain existing dental
Stainless Steel
positions(rectangular Archwire
wires)
Separators

• Used to create space

between teeth, usually
molars and/or premolars,
prior to the placement of
orthodontic bands.
Ligatures

• During fixed orthodontic

treatment, ligatures
are used to keep the arch
wire in the slot of the
Elastic ligature Stainless steel
bracket. ligature (steel tie)
Orthodontic
Bracket

• Small orthodontic
attachments (metal or
ceramic) secured to a tooth
for fastening an archwire
Adam’s Clasp

• Used to retain a removable

appliance in the mouth.
• The clasp functions by
engaging the mesiobuccal and
distobuccal undercuts of a Parts:
tooth. A: Bridge
• Is usually made of 0.7mm wire. B: Arrowheads
C: Flyovers
D: Retentive arms
Labial bow

• Used in removable
orthodontic appliances
• Is used for retention and Parts
retraction of anterior teeth A: Bow
B: U loop
• Is usually made of 0.7mm C: Tags
Finger Spring

• Used in removable
orthodontic appliances to tip
teeth in a mesiodistal direction.
• Is activated by opening the
helix, which moves the active
Helix
arm towards the tooth
• Is usually made of 0.5mm or
0.6mm wire.
Z-Spring

• Used in removable
orthodontic appliances to
move one or two incisors
labially.
• Is activated by opening the
helices, which moves the
active arm towards the tooth
• Is usually made of 0.5mm
 Labial bow

Hawley Retainer Canine retractor Adam’s Clasp

with canine
retractors

• Hawley Retainer: used to

maintain alignment of the
front teeth after braces are
removed
• Canine retractor: are springs
that are used to move canine
in a distal direction.
Acrylic plate
 Lip Bumper
• A lip bumper is placed in
front of the anterior teeth in
order to remove the pressure
of the lips and cheeks from
the front and back teeth.
• The lip bumper can be used to
reduce lower anterior
crowding and increase an
arch circumference
Feeding plate

• A device designed to obturate

the cleft (cleft palate) so that
the infant can generate
negative pressure within the
oral cavity, which is
necessary for sucking.
 Distal Jet

Distalization
appliances
Jones Jig Distalization
appliance
EXPANSION
DEVICES
 Quad helix
• Used in the upper arch for
expansion
• It is attached to the molars by
two bands and contains two
or four active helix springs.
• The springs widen the arch of
the mouth with the goal of
creating additional room for
crowded teeth or to correct a
posterior cross-bite.
 Expansion
plate with jack
screw
• Used in maxillary expansion
 Hyrax (hygenic
rapid expander)

• Used in the upper arch for

expansion
• Rapid maxillary expansion: 2
turns/day
• Slow maxillary expansion: 2-
3 turns/week
HABIT BREAKING
APPLIANCES
Habit breaking
appliance with
loops
• An appliance used to control
tongue thrusting in patients
and to encourage somatic
tongue posture and function.
• Also stops patients from
habits like finger and thumb
sucking
Habit breaking
appliance with
spurs
• An appliance used to control
tongue thrusting in patients
and to encourage somatic
tongue posture and function.
• Also stops patients from
habits like finger and thumb
sucking
 SPACE
MAINTAINERS
 Lingual arch

• Is a fixed space maintainer,

used in the mandibular arch
to maintain arch length, in
cases of early loss of multiple
deciduous teeth, by the
prevention of mesial
movement of the permanent
first molars.
Nance
Holding Arch

• Used to prevent maxillary

molars from rotating or
moving forward after
extraction of primary teeth or
during your orthodontic
treatment. (Space maintainer)
Band and loop
space
maintainer
• Used for maintaining space in
cases of premature loss of
single tooth
Distal-shoe Primary
space first
molar

maintainer
• It is used to prevent first
permanent molars from
moving mesially in cases with
premature loss of second
primary molar
Removable
partial denture
(Space
maintainer)
• Serves as a space maintainer

• Can be used in anterior

esthetic zone
• Maintains the vertical
dimension as well
FUNCTIONAL
APPLIANCES
Definition

■ A functional appliance is one that uses the facial muscles and masticatory muscles to
produce changes in the position of the individual teeth or arches.

■ Any oral appliance causing a change in the forces of occlusion and alteration in
muscular activity is likely to produce displacement of individual teeth or arches.

■ Functional appliances can either be fixed or removable

Herbst
Appliance

• Is a fixed functional
appliance used to treat Class
II skeletal malocclusion in
growing patients. (Growth
modification)
Jasper Jumper

• Is a fixed functional
appliance used to treat Class
II skeletal malocclusion in
growing patients.
 MARA

• Mandibular Anterior
Repositioning Appliance,
• The MARA appliance is a
fixed functional used to help
reposition the lower jaw by
promoting its forward growth
in Class II skeletal
malocclusion.
Twin Block

• The twin block appliance is a

removable functional
appliance that is used to push
the lower jaw forward in
Bite
order to align it with the
upper jaw in Class II skeletal
malocclusion
Bionator

• Removable functional
appliance for the correction of
Class II skeletal malocclusion
in a growing patient
Activator

• Removable functional
appliance for the correction of
Class II skeletal malocclusion
in a growing patient
 Functional
Regulator Frankel for Class
(Frankel) II

• The Frankel appliance is used to effect changes in

sagittal, transverse, and vertical jaw
relationships and remove the abnormal muscle
forces in the labial and buccal areas that restrict
skeletal growth, thereby, providing an environment
which maximizes skeletal growth.
Buccal shield lip pad
• FR 1:Class II div 1

• FR 2: Class II div 2

• FR 3: Clas III

• FR 4: Open bite