Kinetic Theory of Gas

Molecules in continuous random Many similar molecules trapped

motion inside container

Average kinetic energy of

Molecule collide with
molecule proportional to
container wall and with other
temperature of gas
molecules

In closed container,
Total number of molecule constant,
Mass of gas constant
3 factor when dealing with fixed mass gas
Pressure, Volume, Temperature
1 factor => At least 1 other change

Higher temperature = Gas volume =

Molecule collide with wall & bounce back
Faster molecule movement Container volume
change in momentum (mv – mu) =
Force acting on wall

Note : Pressure = Force / Area

 Gas Law

Experiment
- piston pump push down
- compress air in glass tube
Boyle’s
- pressure gauge measure the pressure
Law
- record pressure (P), gas volume (V)
- plot graph P against 1/V
- straight line graph pass through origin

Experiment
- water heated slowly and stirred frequently
Pressure - pressure gauge measure the pressure
Law - record pressure (P), temperature (T)
- plot graph P against T
- straight line graph (intersect at -273 ° C)

Experiment
- water heated slowly and stirred frequently
Charles’ - length of gas trapped in tube slowly rise
Law - record Temperature (T), gas length (l)
- plot graph l against T
- straight line graph pass through origin
 Relationship

Constant T

Initial :
Boyle’s
P1, V1
Law
Final :
V2 (), P2 ()

Constant V P T

Pressure Initial : P = KT, K is a constant

Law P1, T1

Final :
T2 (), P2 ()

Constant P V T

Charles’ Initial : V = KT, K is a constant

Law T1, V1

Final :
T2 (), V2 ()
Important to Remember
Important to Remember
 Question

Answer 1 Answer 3 (a)

- Squash balloon => Balloon Volume  Boyle’s Law : P1 V1 = P2 V2
- Balloon Volume , Impact Area  Use the formula : If P1 = 5atm, V1 = 4cm3, P2 = 4atm, V2 = 5cm3
- Pressure = Force / Area Use the formula : If P1 = 5atm, V1 = 4cm3, P2 = 2atm, V2 = 10cm3
- If Force maintain, Area . Then Pressure  At constant temperature, the reading obeys Boyle’s Law

Answer 2 (a) Answer 3 (b)

Boyle’s Law : Pressure & Volume change, Temperature constant
P1 V1 = P2 V2
100kPa x 6m3 = 50kPa x V2
V2 = 12m3

Answer 2 (b)
Boyle’s Law : Pressure & Volume change, Temperature constant
P1 V1 = P2 V2
100kPa x 6m3 = 40kPa x V2
V2 = 15m3