LECTURE 3

PICTORIAL PROJECTION
 OBJECTIVES ON PICTORIAL
PROJECTION
At the end of this chapter, you will be able to :

■Understand Pictorial projection.

■ Apply the basics method of isometric
drawing to make isometric figures.
 PICTORIAL PROJECTION
Pictorial projection
Is the method of drawing an object in three dimension
form.
Pictorial means picture form of an object.

TYPES OF PICTORIAL PROJECTION

1.ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
2.OBLIQUE PROJECTION
3.PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
 Isometric projection is a type of an axonometric
projection (or pictorial projection).
Isometric means ‘equal measure’.
 In isometric projection,
All the mutually perpendicular plane surfaces of an
object and the edges formed by these surfaces are
equally inclined to a plane of projections(POP)
 In isometric projection, only one view on a plane is
drawn to represent the three dimensions of an
object.
 This provides a pictorial view with a real appearance.
 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
 Isometric drawing method shows the drawing in 3-D.
The real shape of an object can be easily interpreted
by using isometric drawing.
 Is a type of pictorial projection from which depends
on three axes which are equally spaced from
common point.
 The construction of an isometric drawing can be
made by viewing the object from certain angle and
directions.
 Isometric drawing is important to engineering
designers as the drawing shows clearly what that has
been designed
WHY ISOMETRIC PROJECTION?
 Isometric projection, It is also useful for equipment
designers as they can easily interpret the method of
construction of an object or equipment.
 This type of drawing also can cope with beginners or
someone who has no basics in engineering drawing
unlike orthographic drawing.
 They use true size, or dimensionally correct, and
visually pleasing to the eye.
 TYPES OF VIEWS

Projections

Parallel Converge

Orthogonal Oblique

Multiview Axonometric

Multiview drawing Pictorial drawing Perspective

drawing
 Classification of Axonometric Drawing

(a) Trimetric (b) Dimetric (c) Isometric

The lines parallel to the isometric axes are called isometric lines or isolines. A
line parallel to the X-axis may be called an x- isoline. So are the cases of y-
isoline and z- isoline.
 OBLIQUE PROJECTION

Oblique projection don’t look as realistic as perspectives or

isometrics because the side or depth view looks distorted or
“stretched out”. However, circular shapes in the front view
aren’t distorted and that makes them easier to draw.
If you do have to draw an oblique, cabinet projection is the
method you use because the depth is halved making it look
more realistic.
Oblique VS Isometric Drawings
 ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

 An isometric drawing is an axonometric pictorial drawing for which the angle

between each axis equals 120 degrees and the scale used is full scale.
 ISOMETRIC DRAWING
STAGES OF DRAWING IN ISOMETRIC DRAWING

The box is an isometric drawing Measurements are reported on

as large as the overall object to the isometric axes, or on lines
be shown. Its lines are drawn parallel to these axes.
very faintly.

The object is drawn by

removing volumes from the box.

A 30º- 60º set square is used to

trace the isometric lines.
TRY THIS
TRY AGAIN
 ISOMETRIC CIRCLE
Draw the isometric square to the given dimension say 50
Draw minor and major diagonals
Draw the lines through the center to divide the sides into
equal parts.
A as the center with R=AB draw an arc BC
D as the center with R=AB or DE draw an arc EF
3 as the center with R=3B draw arc BF
4 as the center with R=4E draw an arc CE
TRY THIS
TRY AGAIN. TO A SCALE 2:1
Hint: Use free hand
sketching to draw R5
 END

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