SANJIVANI COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON

PROJECT ON :
Investigation On Ferrocement Reinforced Confinement On RC Short
Column

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON- 423603
2021-2022
 Prepared By,
 Mr. Singar Shashwat S
 Mr. Salmuthe Gaurav S
 Mr. Somvanshi Krushna K
 Mr. Singar Prithviraj B

Guided By,
Prof
A.V. Ghogare
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Materials
 Properties
 Litrature Review
 Purpose
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Proposed work
 Advantages
 Future Scope
 Refrences
INTRODUCTION
REINFORCED CONCRETE IS THE COMMONLY USED MATERIAL
FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES WHICH ARE DESIGNED IN
ACCORDANCE TO THE SPECIFICATIONS GIVEN IN THE STANDARD
CODES TO MEET THE SERVICE LIFE. BASED UPON
THESE SPECIFICATIONS, THE LOADS ARE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT FOR
THE DESIGN OF THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE STRUCTURE LIKE
BEAMS, COLUMNS AND SLABS.
DURING THE SERVICE LIFE IF THE LOADING CONDITIONS
CHANGE DUE TO PURPOSE OF USE OF THE STRUCTURE, THIS CAN
RESULT IN NON-PERFORMANCE OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS FOR
WHICH IT WAS DESIGNED EARLIER. THE STRUCTURES ARE ALSO
SUSCEPTIBLE TO DETERIORATION DUE TO EARTHQUAKE, FLOOD,
CYCLONE, CARBONATION, CHLORIDE ATTACK, ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION, DEFICIENCIES OF THE MATERIAL USED, INADEQUATE
DESIGN AND FAULTY CONSTRUCTION.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/FACTORS LIKE HIGH HUMIDITY,
AIR AND WATER POLLUTANTS ALSO CAUSE CORROSION AND DEVELOP
CRACKS LEADING TO THE FAILURE OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS.
 REPLACEMENT OF THE DAMAGED STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IS
VERY DIFFICULT AND COST INTENSIVE PROCESS AND THE
REPLACEMENT OF A PARTICULAR STRUCTURAL ELEMENT IN THE
EXISTING STRUCTURE ALSO CREATES RISK TO THE INTEGRITY OF
OTHER CONNECTING MEMBERS. TO RESTORE THE REQUIRED
STRENGTH OF THE DETERIORATED STRUCTURE, RETROFITTING IS
THE SOLUTION.
RETROFITTING THAT CAN BE APPLIED BY THE FOLLOWING
TECHNIQUES:
1. CONFINEMENT WITH FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS SUCH AS
ARAMID FIBRES, CARBON FIBRES AND
GLASS FIBRE POLYMERS
2. CONFINEMENT WITH EXTERNAL STEEL CAGING TECHNIQUES
3. CONFINEMENT WITH FERROCEMENT
IN COMPARISON TO THE ABOVE, RETROFITTING WITH
FERROCEMENT CONFINEMENT IS THE OLDEST AND COST EFFECTIVE
TECHNIQUE USED TO STRENGTHEN THE CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
FERROCEMENT CONSISTS OF CLOSELY-SPACED AND UNIFORMLY-
DISTRIBUTED REINFORCEMENT WHICH PROVIDES DUCTILITY TO THE
OTHERWISE BRITTLE CONCRETE. THIS INHERENT PROPERTY MAKES
THE FERROCEMENT A DISTINCTIVE COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL. THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF FERROCEMENT SUCH AS
WATER PROOF, FIRE RESISTANT, DURABILITY, LOW SELF WEIGHT AND
CRACK RESISTANT MAKES IT AN IDEAL MATERIAL FOR
• A) Failure of Unconfined Specimen • B) Failure Of Confined Specimen
MATERIALS

• Cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates,

reinforcement steel bars are used in casting of
columns. For the application of GI wire mesh
on column surface cement mortar is used.
 PROPERTIES
• Ferrocement members are durable and versatile
material.
• Ferrocement has low w/c ratio and produces
impermeable structures.
• It has less shrinkage and weight.
• Ferrocement structures have high tensile strength,
stiffness and rigidity.
SUMMARY OF LITRATURE
• Test results show that by providing external confinement over the entire length of the RC
columns, the ductility is enhanced tremendously. Also, test results of this investigation
revealed that the design method, proposed earlier by the authors, is very effective.
• The test results indicated that column wrapped with additional ferromesh as confinement
gives 20% increase in axial strength compared to regular control column. It is observed that
columns with ferromesh jacket as confinement reinforcement in addition to stirrups gives
better ductility and the column wrapped only with ferromesh as additional confinement fails
in ductile manner.
• As number of mesh provided increased, elongation, toughness increased
• Ferrocement is found to be a suitable material for repairing or reshaping the defective
RCC structural elements and enhancing its performance
• jacketing reinforced concrete square columns with this form of ferrocement provided about
33% and 26% increases in axial load capacity and axial stiffness, respectively, compared to
the control columns
• Dead Wight, cement quantity, curing water quantity, co2 emissions can reduce by
Ferrocement-Light Gauge Steel composite construction
 OBJECTIVES
 To investigate change in load carrying capacity of column through external confinement.

 To investigate the effect of ferrocement confinement by replacing cement mortar with

geopolymer mortar.

 To analyze trough experiment the economy of construction of column using ferrocement

confinement.
 To study improvement in load carrying capacity with different slenderness ratio.
 To study first crack load and mode of failure.
 To study effectiveness of FC column with different Layers of wire mesh
 To evaluate effectiveness of wire mesh confinement in strength deficient columns.
 This is achived by comparing confined columns with unconfined.
FUTURE SCOPE OF
WORK
• Ferrocement is an innovative material and has a number of structural
applications which includes earth retaining walls, swimming pools,
underground and overhead water tanks, corrugated roofs, circular shell
structures, domes and housing structures.
• It is also used as repair works. Preparation of mix design ,selection of rich
cement-sand ratio, lower water -cement ratio, application of cement
mortar to reinforcing mesh is presently done by confirming to specification
of ACI codes.
• Due to lack of availability of particular IS Code for Ferrocement
construction technique in India, ACI code is being used. Hence preparation
of IS code can be the further work of study.
 PURPOSE
• -Retrofitting of the existing structures has become a large part of the construction activity.
Columns are the most authoritative structural element in any structure that transfers load.
• -Ferrocement confinement is one of the oldest, efficient and cost effective techniques of
re-strengthening of deteriorated and weak columns.
• -Small diameter of wires used as reinforcement,
leads to a higher specific surface, providing homogeneity to the ferrocement. Closely spaced
wires provide more ductility and energy absorption capacity.
• -The structures confined with ferrocement undergo deformation above elastic point, unlike
conventional concrete structures that undergo brittle failure.
ADVANTAGES
•  Ferrocement has high strength to weight ratio: Ferrocement is thin
section high strength structural material highly waterproof, crack resistant,
energy absorbing material. It is manufactured with high cement content, low
water cement ratio around 0.4, wire mesh layers, light structural steel,
admixtures mainly silica fume super plasticizers, non-metallic fibres,
particularly when ferrocement is cast-insitu. Therefore self-weight of
ferrocement structure is very less as compared to RCC.

• Ferrocement is highly ductile, resilient, energy absorbing material:

When put under load it develops cracks at a much higher value after the elastic
limit. Because of this property a ferrocement structures frame will not collapse
like RCC and therefore there will be least loss of life and property. Ferrocement
structures do not collapse but get deformed. A large number of such structures
as compared to RCC can be easy to repair. The debris formation will also be the
less.
• The fabrication of the mesh can be done in many shapes that
suits the requirements.Ferrocements are more durable and are
cheaper than steel and wood.
• Application of Ferro-cement doesn't require any heavy
machinery.
• They have a better impact and punching shear resistance.
• Advantages of Using FerrocementRaw materials required for
Ferrocement construction are easily available.
METHODOLOGY/PROPOSED
WORK
• In the experimental part of this thesis, a total of 20 column(10 Circular & 10 Square).
• Columns are further Categorised in Three Categories
• First category consisted of unconfined control columns from each size group, second
category consisted of column confined with ferrocement using one layer of wire mesh
and third category consisted of columns confined with ferrocement using two layers of
wire mesh.
• All the columns were tested under monotonic uniaxial compression loading. The results
showed that ferrocement confinement increased the load carrying capacity and stability
of the column by decreasing the lateral deflection.
• The increase in slenderness ratio resulted in decrease of strength of the ferrocement
confinement.
• It was also observed that in the ferrocement the wire mesh is more effective up to one
or two layers.
 PROPOSED WORK
PROCUREMENT OF RAW MATERIALS

FINE COURSE
CEMENT WIRE MESH
AGGREGATES AGGREGATES

TESTING OF RAW MATERIALS

FINE COURSE
CEMENT AGGREGATES AGGREGATES
GRADING SPECIFIC GRAVITY
CONSISTANCY SPECIFIC WATER
SETTING TIME GRAVITY ABSORPTION
FINENESS WATER CRUSHING
ABSORPTION STRENGTH

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN BY IS 10262-2009

 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN BY IS 10262-2009

MAKING CUBES OF (150X150X150)MM FOR CHECKING COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 28

DAYS

CASTING OF RC SHORT COLUMN SPACIMENS WITH M30 GRADE AS SHOWN BELOW IN THE
TABLE
 Confinement Unconfined Confined

Material - Cement Mortar Geopolymer Mortar

Layer of Wire Mesh - 1 Layer 2 Layers 1 Layer 2 Layers

Strength to be
28 days
Measured In
Nos of Sample to be
2 Nos 2 Nos 2 Nos 2 Nos 2 Nos
Prepared

Sr.No. Shape Of Column Size Of Column Total Nos Of Column Sample To be Prepared
1. Square 150mm x 150mm x 300mm 10
2. Circular 150mm dia x 300mm ht. 10
Total 20
WORK SO FAR COMPLECTED

• STEP 1 - COLLECTION OF RAW MATERIALS

• STEP 2 - MATERIAL TESTING

• STEP 3 - CONCRETE MIX DESIGN BY IS 10262-2009
MIX PROPORTIONS
 VOLUME OF CONCRETE – 1 m3
 MASS OF CEMENT – 450 kg/m3
 MASS OF WATER – 187.6 kg/m3
 MASS OF FINE AGGREGATES – 648.64 kg/m3
 MASS OF COURSE AGGREGATES – 1052.47 kg/m3
 WATER-CEMENT RATIO – 0.4

MIX PROPORTION – 1:1.44:2.36

Results :
• workability and Slump value for concrete mix is 85.5 mm hence workability is medium

• COMPRESSION TESTS ON CUBE-

Avg
Strength Strength
Sr no Date of casting
Measured After
N/mm2

1 11/11/21 7 Days 16.36

2 11/11/21 28 Days 27
CEMENT MORTAR MIX:-
• Mix proportion :- 1:3

Comp Comp. Avg

Date of Date of Age in
Sr no ID Mark load Strength comp.
casting testing days
(KN) N/mm2 strength
1 A 3 95 19.00
2 B 14/10/21 3 100 20.00 19.00
3 C 3 90 18.08
11/10/21
4 D 7 122 24.40
5 E 18/10/21 7 130 26.00 25.86
6 F 7 136 27.20
• STEP 4 – MAKING SHORT COLUMNS OF SIZES (150mm x150mm x350mm)
RECTANGULAR AND (150mm dia. X 350mm ht.)CIRCULAR COMPARE CONFINED AND
UNCONFINED COLUMNS WITH CEMENT MORTAR AND GEOPOLYMER CEMENT MORTAR
AND COMPARE TEST RESULTS.
• STEP 5- Measuring strength of Unconfined column after 28 days of Curing.
• STEP 6- Wrapping Columns with GI Wire Mesh(Chicken Mesh) with Single
and Double layer.
• STEP 7- Applying Cement Mortar and Geopolymer to the Columns
Wrapped With wire mesh.
• STEP 8- Measuring Compressive Strength of Columns After 14 days of
Curing.
 WORK TO BE COMPLETE

• Applying Cement Mortar and Geopolymer

to the Columns Wrapped With wire mesh.
• Measuring Compressive Strength of
Columns After 14 days of Curing.
• Result and Conclusion.
REFERENCES
• . [1]. Gordon B. Batson, Ronald F. Zollo , “Guide for the Design, Construction and Repair of
Ferrocement’’ACI 549.1R-93
• [2]. B. Kondraivendhan, , “Effect of ferrocement confinement on behavior of concrete”,
Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 1218–1222
• [3]. G.J. Xiong, X.Y. Wu, F.F. Li, Z. Yan ,”Load carrying capacity and ductility of circular concrete
columns confined by ferrocement including steel bars,” Department of Civil Engineering,
Shantou University, Shantou 515063, PR China. , Construction and Building Materials 25 (2011)
2263–2268 .
• [4]. Abid A. Shah ,”Applications of Ferrocement in Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry
Columns,” International Journal of Geology Issue 1, Volume 5, 2011.
• [5]. Mohammad Taghi Kazemi, Reza Morshed ,”Seismic shear strengthening of R/C columns
with ferrocement jacket,” Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology,
Tehran, March 2005 Cement & Concrete Composites 27 (2005) 834–842.
• [6]. Abdullah a, Katsuki Takiguchi ,”An investigation into the behavior and strength of reinforced
concrete columns strengthened with ferrocement jackets”,Cement & Concrete Composites 25
(2003) 233–242
• [7]. S.M. Mourad, M.J. Shannag ,”Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete
square columns using ferrocement jackets,” Cement& Concrete Composites 34 (2012)
288–294.
• [8]. Kaushik S.K., Singh K. K., Kumar R., Sharma T. P.“Performance of ferrocement
encased concrete columns under fire exposure”, Journal of Ferrocement 1996,
volume pp191-196.
• [9]. Sherif El-Tawil,1 Associate Member, ASCE, and Gregory G. Deierlein, Member,
ASCE, “Strength and ductility of Concrete Encased Composite columns”, Journal of
Structural Engineering September 1999 1009-1019.
• [10]. IS: 8112-1989, Specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.
• [11].IS 10262-1982, recommended guidelines for concrete mix design. Bureau of
Indian Standard, New Delhi.
• [12]. S.F.A. Rafeeqi and T. Ayub,” Investigation of Versatility of Theoretical predication
models for Plain Concrete Confined with Ferrocement”, Asian Journal of Civil
Engineering (Building and Housing) vol. 12, no. 3 (2011), pages 337-35
 Comparision of Compressive Strength of a Circular Column

41.44 42.43
41.16
45 39.32
40 35.08 35.08

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Confined With Single Layer Confined with double layer

Unconfined Column Confined With cement mortar Confined with geopolymer mortar
 Comparision of Compressive Strength of a Square Column
Unconfined Column Confined With cement mortar Confined with geopolymer mortar

38.32

36.77
36.44

35.33

33.55 33.55

Confined With Single Layer Confined with double layer

THANK YOU ..!