Traditional

Educational
Technology
Definition……

• Refers to the use of conventional tools, materials, and

methods to facilitate and enhance the teaching and
learning process. The focus of traditional educational
technology is on utilizing non-electronic tools to
support instructional goals and student engagement
Overview of early
educational tools
Horn Book (1650)

• It refers to a leaf or page containing

the alphabet, religious materials, etc.,
covered with a sheet of transparent
horn (or mica) and fixed in a frame
with a handle.
 Magic Lantern (1870)

• It is an early type of image projector

developed in the 17th century.
• It has a concave mirror in front of a light
source that gathers light and projects it
through a slide with an image scanned
onto it. The light rays cross and aperture
(which is an opening at the front of the
apparatus) and hit the lens. The lens
throws an enlarged picture of the original
image from the slide onto a screen.
School Slate and
Chalkboard (1890)

• School slate - A piece of flat

material used as a medium for
writing using a chalk. This is
usually made of slate rock, with a
wooden or plastic frame.
• Chalkboard – also known as
blackboard, a larger version of
school slate.
 Pencil (1900) and
Stereoscope (1905)

• Pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay

binder, leaving grey or black marks that can be easily
erased . Graphite pencils are used for both writing and
drawing.
• Stereoscopy (also called as stereoscopic or 3-D
imaging) refers to a technique for creating or
enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by
presenting two offset images separately to the left and
right eye of the viewer. Both of these 2-D offset images
are then combined in the brain to give the perception
of 3-D depth.
 Film Projector and
Radio (1923)

• Film projectors - is an opto-mechanical

device to view photographic slides. It
works by passing light through a film reel
containing a series of frames, which are
then projected onto screen.
• Radio – a broadcasting medium that
uses radio waves to transmit audio
signals.
Overhead Projector (1930)

• It is a variant of slide projector

that is used to display images,
text, or diagrams onto a screen
or surface for the purpose of
visual presentation.
 Ballpoint pens and
Mimeograph (1940)

• Ballpoint pens – is a writing

instrument with an internal ink
reservoir and sphere for a point.
• Mimeograph – a low-cost printing
press that works by forcing ink
through a stencil onto paper.
 Headphones and
Slide Rule (1950)

• Headphones – are audio devices worn

over the ears that allow individual to
listen to sound without disturbing others
around them.
• Slide rule – mechanical analog computer,
used primarily for multiplication and
division, and also for functions such as
roots, algorithms, and trigonometry.
 Videotapes (1951)

• Is a recording of images and

sounds onto magnetic tape as
opposed to stock or random
access digital media. It is also
used for storing scientific or
medical data, such as the data
produced by an
electrocardiogram.
 Reading Accelerator and
Skinner Machine (1957)

• Skinner box is a mechanical

invention to automate the task of
programmed instruction.
• The reading accelerator was a
simple device designed to help
students read more efficiently.
 Educational TV (1958)
Photocopy Machine (1959)

• Educational TV – is the use of

television programs in the field of
distance education.
• Photocopy machine – a machine that
make duplicate copies of documents
and other visual images quickly and
cheaply.
Handheld Calculators (1970)
and Scantron (1972)

• Handheld calculators are portable electronic devices designed to

perform mathematical calculations quickly and efficiently. They
have become an essential tool in education, particularly in
mathematics, science, engineering, and other fields that require
numerical computations.
• Scantron refers to a specific type of assessment and grading
system that involves the use of specialized paper answer sheets
and scanning devices. This system streamlines the process of
grading multiple-choice exams and assessments.
PLATO Computer (1980)

• PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching

Operations) was initially developed in the late 1950s
and became operational in the early 1960s. It consisted
of a central mainframe computer that communicated
with terminals placed in various locations, including
schools and universities. The system allowed students to
access educational materials and engage in interactive
lessons through these terminals.
Importance of Traditional
Educational Technology
Accessibility

• Traditional EdTech doesn't rely on electricity or internet

connectivity, making it accessible in areas with limited
resources or unreliable infrastructure. Tools like books, paper,
and basic teaching aids can reach learners in various
environments.
Foundational Learning

• Before the advent of digital technology, traditional tools like

textbooks, blackboards, and chalk played a crucial role in
delivering foundational education. These tools helped build
literacy, numeracy, and critical thinking skills.
Tactile Learning

• Traditional tools engage different sensory experiences, such

as touch and sight. Manipulatives, physical models, and
hands-on activities are particularly effective for subjects like
math and science, enabling learners to grasp abstract concepts
through tangible interactions.
Cultural context

• Traditional EdTech can be tailored to suit cultural contexts

and local languages. Storytelling, folklore, and cultural
artifacts are woven into traditional educational methods,
enriching learning experiences and preserving cultural
heritage.
Teacher-student
interaction

• Traditional EdTech encourages direct teacher-student

interaction. In-person discussions, demonstrations, and
feedback help create personalized learning experiences and
foster deeper understanding.
Low distraction

• Traditional tools tend to have fewer distractions compared to

digital devices. This can promote focused learning and reduce
the risk of multitasking or getting sidetracked.
Mindfulness and
Reflection

• Traditional methods often encourage a slower, more

deliberate approach to learning. Reading printed materials or
engaging in face-to-face discussions can promote
mindfulness, critical thinking, and deeper reflection.
Resilience to technical
issues

• Traditional EdTech is not susceptible to technical glitches,

software bugs, or internet outages that can disrupt digital
learning. This reliability ensures consistent access to
educational resources.
Cross-generational use

• Traditional EdTech tools have stood the test of time and can
be passed down through generations. They can create a sense
of continuity and shared experience among family members
and communities.
Transitional support

• In regions or communities where access to modern digital

technology is limited, traditional EdTech can serve as a bridge
until digital resources become more accessible.
Educational Technology
in the Philippines
Government initiatives

• The Philippine government recognizes the importance of

EdTech and has initiated programs to integrate technology
into education. The Department of Education (DepEd) has
launched various initiatives, such as the use of tablets in
classrooms and the integration of ICT (Information and
Communication Technology) into the curriculum.
Importance of teachers’
training and digital literacy

• The use of EdTech to improve teacher professional

development demonstrates an understanding that instructors
play a critical role in the successful adoption of technology in
education. Furthermore, developing digital literacy is an
important step in ensuring that both educators and students
can access and use digital resources successfully.
Digital divide

• Unequal access to technology and dependable internet

connectivity, particularly in rural and underdeveloped areas,
serves as a harsh reminder that discrepancies must be
addressed in order to ensure equal access to quality education.
• This divide is rooted in unequal opportunities to access and
benefit from technology, often due to socioeconomic,
geographical, cultural, or demographic factors.
Overall, EdTech in the Philippines holds promise for expanding
educational opportunities, enhancing teaching practices, and
preparing learners for digital age. However, it’s important to
address issues of accessibility, infrastructure, and digital literacy
to ensure that the benefits of EdTech are accessible to all
learners, regardless of their background or location.
 “Technology will never replace
great teachers, but technology in
the hands of great teachers is
transformational.”
- George Couros