HALL EFFECT –

SETUP 1
 Objective
 To explain the concept
of Hall Effect.

 To know about some

applications of Hall
Effect.

Edwin Hall who discovered Hall Effect.

 RECAP OF FEW CONCEPTS
• 1)FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGE IN MAGNETIC FIELD:
F

2) DRIFT VELOCITY:
 HALL EFFECT THEORY:

THERE IS A PRODUCTION OF A POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

ACROSS(CALLED HALL VOLTAGE) AN ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR
WHEN A MAGNETIC FIELD IS APPLIED IN DIRRECTION
PERPENDICULAR TO THAT OF THE FLOW OF CURRENT
DERIVATION OF HALL VOLTAGE

𝒘
• Let w be the width of the conductor.
• The charges will continue to move to the opposite sides until the force due to
magnetic field gets balanced by the force due to electric field,
=> ……..(1)

* We know that therefore , ………(2)

* Here …….......(3)

* and the area ,

 •Using equations (1) (2) (3) (4)

• the final expression is

Hall coefficient:
*Hall coefficient, is defined as Hall field per unit current density per unit magnetic
field. Thus

*Hall coefficient is defined as ,

Hall Coefficient in Semiconductor

2
…………. Equation(1)

This Hall coefficient in semiconductor is defined

when both electron and hole concentration is
considered in semiconductor.
In p-type semiconductor, Hole density(p) >>> Electron density(n)
1 >>> n/p
hence n/p can be taken 0 in equation (1)

Putting it zero we get hall coefficient R H , RH = 1/pe

In n-type semiconductor , Hole density(p)<<< Electron density(n)

p/n <<< 1
hence p/n can be taken 0 in equation (1)

Putting it zero we get hall coefficient R H, RH = -1/ne


Hall coefficient of p-type and n-type semiconductor .
For p-type 

For n-type 

Based on above information we can find type of semiconductor

after finding Hall coefficient using Hall effect process for a
semiconductor.
 If Hall coefficient is positive semiconductor is of n-type.
 If it is negative semiconductor is of p-type.
 Uses of Hall Effect
• Hall effect principle is used in :
1)Magnetic field sensing equipment
2)For measurement of direct current; Hall effect
tong tester is used
3Proximity detectors
4)Sensors and Probes
Hall Probe 1)The measurement of large magnetic
fields on the order of a Tesla is often
done by making use of the Hall
Effect.

2)A thin film Hall probe is placed in

the magnetic field and the transverse
voltage (on the order of microvolt) is
measured.

3) A thin copper film of thickness d on the order of 100 micrometers is used

for a hall probe .
 For
measuring
Hall Voltage

For Power
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