THE UMAYYAD

CALIPHATE
PRESENTATED BY:
AFAQ SIDDIQUI
ZAFFAR ALI
ALI RAZA
USAMA KALEEM
 Introduction of Umayyad Caliphate

 The Umayyads were the first Muslim

dynasty, established in 661 in Damascus.
Their dynasty succeeded the leadership of
the first four caliphs—Abu Bakr, Umar,
Uthman and Ali. It was established by
Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, a native of
Mecca and a contemporary of the Prophet
Muḥammad.
 The Origins of the Umayyad Caliphate

 The Umayyads, or the “Banu Umayya” (Sons of

Umayya), were one of the leading clans of the
Quraysh tribe of Mecca.
 However, following the assassination of 'Ali ibn Abi
Talib—Muhammad's cousin, son-in-law, and fourth
caliph (656–61)—in 661, Muawiya, the governor of
Syria under the Rightly Guided Caliphs, seized
power and established the Umayyad caliphate, the
first Islamic dynasty (661–750).
 History of Umayyad Caliphate

 After the life Holy Muhammad’s (SAW) the Islamic

Nation was ruled by four “rightly-guided” Caliphs.
It was the era of the Rashidun Caliphate.

 The Umayyad Caliphate(661–750 CE) was the

second caliphate established after the life of the
Islamic Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW).The
caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty also
known as the Umayyads.
 Muawiyah- I661-680
1. Beginning of the Umayyad
caliphate.
Events
2. Shift the capital to capital to
Damascus.
Presented by Zaffar
Ali 3. Expansion of Umayyad
caliphate into Egypt, north Africa .

4. Battle of Karbala.
Reign of Yazid-I (680-685)

5. Martyrdom of Imam Hussein

Grandson of prophet
Muhammad.
Cont ...

 Separation of Islamic sects Shia and Sunni.

 Other revolts including Kharijite and revolt of
Abdullah Ibn- Al Zuber.
 Reign of Abdullah Malik (685-705)
 Introduce Arabic as office language, and
coinage as office
 Currency for purpose of trade .
Cont...

 Umayyad Mosque.
 Construct in the reign of Caliph Walid in 705-715
 Great mosque of Damascus.
 Oldest Islamic architecture and symbol of umayyad
power.
 Abbasid Revolution 747-750
 It was powerful family in Islamic world.
 Cont...

 Rebelled against umayyad rule in 747 with

support of alliance.
 Defeated Umayyad in the war of Zab in 750.
Dynasty of
Umayyed
caliph

Presented by Ali
Raza
Ummaya Dynasty

 Total no. Of caliph

 The Ummaya clan had first come to power under the third caliph, Usman
bin Affan(r.a).
 But Banu Ummaya regime was founded by Muawya ibne Sufyan, who
was:
1. Long time governor in Syria, and it was:
2. After the end of First Muslim Civil War.
Yazid ibne Muawya

The 3 Great Crimes of Yazid

1. He martyred the leader of the youth of the
Paradise “Hussain ibne Ali(a.s)”.
2. He ordered to attack Madina.
3. Army also destroyed Kaabah.
Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz

 The first reviver of Islam.

 He put a stop to the ritual of cursing Ali bin Ibe Talib(r.a) during Juma
prayer.
 He was the first ruler to order the official collection of hadith.
 He allowed scholars freedom of speech to criticize the caliphate.
 During his reign the Muslims conquered the Narbonne in France.
The
significance of
Umayyad
Caliphate

Presented by
Usama Kaleem
Cont...
Cont…
Conclusion