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Production of Rotating
Magnetic Field in Three
Phase Induction Motor
12/03/23 5
Production of Rotating Magnetic Field
 Rotating Magnetic Field is very important to the
operation of electrical machines, especially for 3-phase
induction motor, and it is produced by three-phase
voltages

 Three phase voltages has a phase displacement of

120, hence at any instant of time there is a different
voltage values in the three phases
Production of Rotating
Magnetic Field
 The three-phase stator is supplied by balanced
three-phase voltage that drives an ac magnetizing
current through each phase winding.
 The magnetizing current in each phase generates
a pulsating ac flux.
 The total flux in the machine is the sum of the
three fluxes.
 The summation of the three ac fluxes results in a
rotating flux, which turns with constant speed and
has constant amplitude.
Production of Rotating
Magnetic Field
 The three phase voltage is sinusoidal in waveform

 Let us examine one complete cycle of a very low frequency three phase
voltage (period T = 360 seconds), at an interval of 30 electrical degrees,
and we tabulate the three phase voltages in the following table:
100

80

60

40

20

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Instantaneous Values of 3- Voltages
3 Phase Voltage (Volts)
Time angle Red Phase Yellow phase Blue Phase
0 0 0 -86.6 86.6
1 30 50 -100 50
2 60 86.6 -86.6 0
3 90 100 -50 -50
4 120 86.6 0 -86.6
5 150 50 50 -100
6 180 0 86.6 -86.6
7 210 -50 100 -50
8 240 -86.6 86.6 0
9 270 -100 50 50
10 300 -86.6 0 86.6
11 330 -50 -50 100
12 360 0 -86.6 86.6
Magnetic Field produced by three phase currents when 3
phase voltage is applied to the stator of a 2-pole induction
motor Finish

Phase Winding

Start Start

Assume current
flows into these
winding ends when
Stator of induction motor
input voltage is
positive
Finish Finish

Start
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (1/13)

Time : t = 0
Red phase = 0 V
Yellow Phase = -86.6 V
Blue Phase = +86.6 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (2/13)

Time : t = 30 Sec
Red phase = 50 V
Yellow Phase = - 100 V
Blue Phase = + 50 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (3/13)

Time : t = 60 sec
Red phase = +86.6 V
Yellow Phase = -86.6 V
Blue Phase = 0 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (4/13)

Time : t = 90 sec
Red phase = +100 V
Yellow Phase = - 50 V
Blue Phase = - 50 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (5/13)

Time : t = 120 sec

Red phase = +86.6 V
Yellow Phase = 0 V
Blue Phase = -86.6 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (6/13)

Time : t = 150 sec

Red phase = +50 V
Yellow Phase = +50 V
Blue Phase = -100 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (7/13)

Time : t = 180 sec

Red phase = 0 V
Yellow Phase = +86.6 V
Blue Phase = -86.6 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (8/13)

Time : t = 210 sec

Red phase = -50 V
Yellow Phase = +100 V
Blue Phase = -50 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (9/13)

Time : t = 240 sec

Red phase = -86.6 V
Yellow Phase = +86.6 V
Blue Phase = 0 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (10/13)

Time : t = 270 sec

Red phase = -100 V
Yellow Phase = +50 V
Blue Phase = +50 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (11/13)

Time : t = 300 sec

Red phase = -86.6 V
Yellow Phase = 0 V
Blue Phase = +86.6 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (12/13)

Time : t = 330 sec

Red phase = -50 V
Yellow Phase = -50 V
Blue Phase = +100 V
Magnetic Field produced in a 2-pole induction motor (13/13)

Time : t = 360 sec

Red phase = 0 V
Yellow Phase = -86.6 V
Blue Phase = +86.6 V
 Synchronous speed rotating magnetic field
Balanced three phase windings,
i.e. mechanically displaced 120
degrees form each other, fed by
balanced three phase source
A rotating magnetic field with
constant magnitude is
produced, rotating with a speed

120 f e
nsync  rpm P is the no. of poles and nsync is called
P frequency
Where fe is the supply the synchronous speed in rpm
(revolutions per minute)
Synchronous speed rotating magnetic field
P 50 Hz 60 Hz
2 3000 3600
4 1500 1800
6 1000 1200
8 750 900
10 600 720
12 500 600
Synchronous speed rotating magnetic field
At a time instant represented by 13 or one complete cycle of
current from the origin, the field has completed one revolution.

Therefore, for a 2-pole stator winding, the field makes one

revolution in one cycle of current.

In a 4-pole stator winding, the rotating field makes one revolution

in two cycles of current.

In general, P poles, the rotating field makes one revolution in P/2

cycles of current.
 Synchronous speed rotating magnetic field
Cycles of current =(P/2) * revolutions of field

Cycles of current per second =(P/2) * revolutions of field per second

Since revolutions per second is equal to the revolutions per

minute (Ns) divided by 60 and the number of cycles per second is
the frequency f,
Rotating speed magnetic field is synchronised with supply
frequency

Thus the resultant flux due to three-phase currents is of constant

value (= 1.5 Øm whereØm is the maximum flux in any phase) and
this flux rotates around the stator winding at a synchronous speed
of 120 f/P r.p.m.
Production of torque in Induction
motors.

Why does rotor rotate?

Flemings right hand rule
Flemings Left hand rule
 Why rotor can not rotate at Synchronous speed ?

 Consider Rotor speed = Nr

Rotating magnetic field speed = Ns

Relative speed = (Ns - Nr)

EMF α (Ns - Nr)

If rotor turns at synchronous speed (Ns = Nr), Therefore,

Relative speed = 0 So,
EMF =0 (current, power and torque also becomes zero) Hence rotor can not
rotate at synchronous speed)

The rotor of an induction motor deaccelerate (developed torque = 0)so the

speed again decreases to a value less than Ns
THANKS