TOPIC : DISPERSION SYSTEM

P. R. POTE PATIL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, AMRAVATI.

Guided by: Prepared & Presented by :

Mr. Prasad Deshmukh Sir Miss. Samiksha Chalekar
Asst. Prof. (F.Y.B.pharm)
Topics to be covered…

✔ Basic introduction of dispersion system.

✔ Classification of dispersion system.

✔ Coarse dispersion and types.

✔ Colloids (intro, advantage, disadvantage, classification, stability).

✔ Emulsion (intro, advantage, disadvantage , classification, types, mechanism).

✔ Suspension (intro, types, stability).

✔ Reference.
Dispersion system:

• Dispersed system is a biphasic

system, consist of two phases, one is
known as dispersed phase, which is
dispersed throughout in a continuous
phase called as dispersion medium.

• The volume of dispersion medium or

continuous phase is greater than the
dispersed phase.

• Example of dispersed phase includes;

dust in the air, whereas that of
dispersion medium includes water in
milk.
Classification of dispersed system on the basis of particle size:
Classification of dispersion system according to state:
Coarse dispersion

1. Colloids

2. Emulsion

3. Suspension
COLLOIDS:

• A disperse system consists essentially of one component, the disperse

phase, dispersed as particles or droplets throughout another component,
the continuous phase.
• Therefore, dispersions in which the size of the dispersed particles is within
the range of 1 nm to about 0.5 µm are termed as colloid.
Classification Of Colloids:
On the basis of interaction of dispersed particles with
molecules of the dispersion medium, colloidal dispersions are
classified into following categories:
• Lyophilic colloids : System containing colloidal particles
that interact to an appreciable extent with the dispersion
medium are referred to as lyophilic colloids.
• Lyophobic colloids:
The second class of colloids is composed of materials
that have little attraction, if any, for the dispersion
medium. These are lyophobic colloids.
• Association colloid :
Association or amphiphiles are molecules or ions which have
certain affinity for both polar and nonpolar solvents. In water, at
low concentrations, surface active agents exist individually as
monomers.
Stability of colloids:
EMULSIONS:

▪ An emulsion is a biphasic liquid preparation containing two immiscible liquids,

one of which is dispersed as minute globules into the other.
▪ The liquid which is converted into minute globules is called the dispersed phase
and the liquid in which the globules are dispersed is called the continuous phase.
▪ Normally, two immiscible liquid cannot be dispersed for a long period .
▪ So, an emulsifying agent is added to the system.
▪ It forms a film around the globules in-order to scatter them indefinitely in the
continuous phase, so that a stable emulsion is formed.
▪ The globule size in emulsion varies from 0.25-25µm.
▪ Example; milk, rubber, latex, crude oil etc…..
▪ Also emulsions themselves have medicinal properties like for example; liquid
paraffin is used as purgative and laxative.
Advantages:

1. Mask the unpleasant taste.

2. Economical.
3. Improved bioavailability.
4. Sustained release
medication.
5. Nutritional supplement.
6. Diagnostic purposes.
7. Topical use.

Disadvantages:
1. Problem of creaming and
sedimentation.
2. Phase inversion.
3. Problem of handling.
Classification of emulsions:
Based on the nature of dispersed phase, emulsions are classified
as:
I. Oil-in-water (o/w)
II. Water-in-oil (w/o)
Determination of type of emulsion:
Mechanism of emulsion instability:

Breaking
 Suspensions:
⮚ It is a biphasic liquid dosage form of
medicament.
⮚ It is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase
(therapeutically active ingredient) is dispersed
uniformly throughout the external phase.

⮚ The solid particles act as disperse phase

where as liquid vehicle acts as the continuous
phase.
⮚ The particle size of disperse phase is very
important in the formulation of suspension.
 Advantages:

▪ Stability.
▪ Choice of solvent.
▪ Mask the taste.
▪ Bioavailability
▪ Ease of administration.
▪ Prolonged action dosage
forms.

Disadvantages:
▪ Sedimentation.
▪ Compaction.
▪ Uniform drug delivery cannot be
achieved sometimes.
▪ Bulky, handling require care.
Types of suspension:
Stability of suspension:

⮚ Sedimentation volume:
F= Vu/Vo where , Vu=ultimate volume of sediment
Vo = initial volume of the suspension
⮚ Degree of flocculation:
• It is the ratio of the sedimentation volume of the
flocculated suspension ,F , to the sedimentation
volume of the deflocculated suspension, F ∞
ß=F/F∞
ß = (Vu/Vo) flocculated
----------------------------
(Vu/Vo) deflocculated
• The minimum value of ß is 1,when flocculated
suspension sedimentation volume is equal to the
sedimentation volume of deflocculated
suspension.
Reference:
❏ Martin’s physical pharmacy & pharmaceutical
sciences.
❏ https://
www.slideshare.net/bknanjwade/disperse-systems-52
487067
❏ https://
www.slideshare.net/Soft-Learners/disperse-systemph
armaceutics
❏ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/
dispersion-system