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CHAPTER-3.1 Size Enlargement
CHAPTER-3.1 Size Enlargement
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SIZE ENLARGEMENT/
AGGLOMERATION
Size Enlargement
Size enlargement : is any process whereby small particles are
gathered into larger, relatively permanent masses in which the
original particles can be distinguished.
It can be said the opposite process of size reduction.
Matrix Binder
Solid Bridge Capillary Forces
Sintering (conglomerates saturated with
Crystallization of soluble substances liquid)
Hardening of melted substances
Molecular Forces
Liquid Bridges
Electrical Forces
Capillary Pressure
Magnetic Forces
Interfacial Forces
Agglomerate Bonding and Strength
Alternative classification of binding mechanisms
Agglomerate Bonding and Strength
The most important characteristic of all forms of the agglomerates is
their strength. For the determination of agglomerate strength, real
stresses are often simulated experimentally.
In addition to the usually applied crushing, drop, and abrasion tests,
methods for the determination of impact, bending, cutting, or shear
strength are employed.
All values obtained by these methods are strictly empirical and
cannot be predicted by theory, since it is not known which stress
component causes the agglomerate to fail.
Strength of agglomerates derives from:
The action of binding forces, acting either at the coordination
points between the particles or
The interfaces between a matrix binder and the particulate
solids or
By the capillary pressure of a liquid filling the pore volume.
Attractive Forces
Liquid Bridges
1. Capilary
2. Droplet
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Methods of Size Enlargement by agglomeration
Dry Particles
Wet Particles
Effective Collision
Particle Size
agglomerates or aggregates by sticking Mixing Agglomeration
together of smaller particles and
granulation is agglomeration by
agitation methods.
Very little liquid: powder coating
More liquid: agglomerates
A lot of liquid : paste (An
adhesive made from water and
flour or starch; used on paper % Liquid
and paperboard)
Mainly liquid: slurry
Granulation
Wet Granulation
liquid binder is
distributed over the bed to
initiate granule formation.
The resulting assembly of
particles is called a
’granule‘ and consists of
the primary particles
arranged as a three-
dimensional porous
structure.
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