UNIT 1.

SCIENCE
AND SCIENTIFIC
WORK
 UNIT 1
• 1) Scientists
• 2)Current challenges of Scientific Work
• 3)How does science work?
• Steps of the scientific method.
• Induction and deduction reasonings.
• Characteristics of the scientific method
• 4) Science and pseudoscience
• 5)Scientific research and Scientific publications
• 6) Importance of sience in society
 SCIENTIST´S INTERVIEW
Per pairs: one is a famous scientist and the other is the interviewer.
3 weeks 11- october

Evaluation:

- Content: biography, discoveries, achievements and anecdotes.

- Originality
- Time: 5 minutes

Team Picker Wheel - Randomize a List of Names into Group

https://pickerwheel.com/tools/random-team-generator/
1. Albert Einstein
2. Rosalind Franklin
3. Nikola Tesla:
4. Alan Turing:
5. Robert Koch
6. Dmitri Mendeleyev:
7. Stephanie Kwolek
8. Wilhelm Röntgen:
9. Gregorio Marañón:
10. André-Marie Ampere
11. Camillo Golgi
12. Santiago Ramón y Cajal
13. Rosalin Franklin
14. Marie Curie
 1. CURRENT
CHALLENGES
OF
SCIENTIFIC
WORK

Read and comment the language of science

 1) The dissemination of scientific
knowledge: Digital media

1. CURRENT 2) Strengthen the relationship between

CHALLENGES science and society: Popular science
OF
SCIENTIFIC 3) Scientific research must reduce the
WORK gap between rich and poor countries.

4) Increase the presence of women in

scientific reseach.

Read and comment the language of science

 Current challenges of scientific work
1) The dissemination of scientific knowledge: DIGITAL MEDIA provide wide dissemination of
scientific knowledge, but it also has some drawbacks because in these media true science is
mixed with lots of false statements and pseudosciences. This makes it difficult to choose the
correct information.

2) Strengthen the relationship between science and society: It is essential for NEW
DISCOVERIES TO REACH THE GENERAL PUBLIC so that citizens feel involved with science. As
you know, each of our daily activities is related to science. We need to boost POPULAR
SCIENCE.
They are the set of initiatives that make culture, thought and scientific knowledge
accessible to the general public through the use of adequate communication strategies and
readable, understandable and meaningful language for non-specialized recipients.

How do you
know if a
piece of new Think, search and write one
is true or pseudoscience and one last year´s
false? discovery.
3) Scientific research must reduce the gap between rich and poor
countries: Scientific research must address major problems of humanity,
like climate change, atmospheric and water pollution, energy poverty,
etc. It also must invest more in health projects, resource conservation or
changing the energy model.

4) Increase the presence of women in scientific research: The presence

of women in scientific research has increased a lot in the last 25 years,
but it is still far from the 50%. In scientific research, as in management
positions in many other fields, there is an overwhelming majority of
men. Balance this situation is a nowadays challenge.

Unesco 28% women

What is science?
 WHAT IS
SCIENCE

• The intellectual and practical

activity encompassing the
systematic study of the
structure and behaviour of
the physical and natural
world through observation
and experiment.
• The study of the nature
around us.
• An organized way of
studying things and finding
the answer to questions.
In pairs or small groups, think about an example of each group
 2. How does science work?

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The scientific method is a process for
experimentation that is used to explore observations
and answer questions. Scientific method

Scientific method activity:

Answer the following questions in yout notebook:

1. Write the steps of scientific method
2. Which terms can you use for online research?
3. What is an hypothesis?
4. Is reproducibility a sign of a good scientific work?
5. Which 3 thing do you have to check before publishing
results?

Fact vs theory vs. hypothesis vs. law

Choose one scientist and
make a small review
about their importance
in science history:

IMPORTANT: You
must write why she/he
was important for
science and for our
actual world.
INDUCTION AND DEDUCTION
REASONINGS.

Inductive vs deductive
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Empirical: direct observation of the world. The phenomeno must be observable and measurable

Objective: It relies on facts that must be obvious to different observers, so that there is agreement
between them.

Replicable: If another person duplicates the experiment, he or she will get the same results

Provisional.Results are (or ought to be) open to question and debate. If new data arise that
contradict a theory, that theory must be modified.

Systematic and cumulative. It relies on carefully planned studies rather than on random or
haphazard observation.
3) SCIENCE VS PSEUDOSCIENCE
Characteristics of science:
- Natural:
- Observable
- Testable
- Tentative and Temporary.
- Uncertain.
- Social.

• Pseudoscience: A collection of beliefs

or practices mistakenly regarded as
being based on scientific method.

Homepathy

Top 10 pseudoscience theor

ies
4)SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFI
C PUBLICATIONS • Scientific research requires great dedication and
considerable material means, often without an
apparent or clear benefit.

MAIN ACTUAL TOPICS:

- The origin and evolution of the Universe.

- The origin of the life
- The investigation in molecular biology, genetic ingeniery,
biotechnology and cellular physiology
- Neurophysiology
- Alternative energy source

ACTIVITY: Research to remedy baldness receives ten times more money than the search for a cure for
malaria. According to this information:Why do you think this happens? Which type of funding, public or
private, do you think they have?Justify your answer
 How to write a scientific pa
per
PUBLICATIONS

• The main way of dissemination of

scientific knowledge are written
articles(papers) in specialized
journals as “Science” or “Nature”,
and informative texts in scientific
popular magazinesas “Popular
Science” or “Scientific American”.

• Scientists also discuss with theirs

coworkers at their workplace or
when they meet at scientific
congresses.
PARTS OF A PAPER
 Science and technology in educati
on and economy

5) IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE IN SOCIETY

• Science should help people to:
- Find solutions and answer to different
daily problems:
- Take decisions with a critical spirit
Knowledge is an increasingly
important resource in our society. Science
contributes significantly to the production of
knowledge and thus contributes to the functioning
of democracies, drives innovation and helps
countries to be competitive in the global economy.

The social effects of science communication are

called Impact of Science. A distinction is made between internal, i.e.
within academia, and external impact. Internal impact is often
measured in the form of publication metrics. Impact of Science is
complex and cannot be broken down to quantitative numbers.
 Discurso
STEPHEN HAWKING'S SPEECH
• Write the main ideas of the text
• Do you think that science has improved our life? Write some advantages
and disadvantages of Science and Technology
• What does the author mean when he says "teaching science without
complex equations"?
• Make a list of the main problems that science should prioritize in order to
find a solution. Justify your answer.