Personality

Theories
Presentation
An introductory overview of key personality theories including
psychoanalytic, traumatic, cognitive, behavioral, and humanistic
theories.
 Psychoanalytic
Theory
The psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud. He
believed that personality is largely shaped in the unconscious mind and
consists of three components - the id, ego, and superego. The id
represents innate impulses, the ego mediates between the id and reality,
and the superego represents moral values.
 Traumatic Theory

Developed by Carl Jung Personal Unconscious Collective Unconscious

Suggests personality arises from interactions A unique repository of knowledge formed A shared reservoir of knowledge inherited
between the personal unconscious and the from an individual's life experiences. by all humans rooted in evolutionary history.
collective unconscious.

Contains Archetypes Individual & Collective Aspects

Universal symbols and themes like Anima, Animus, Child, and Hero. Allows understanding personality from both individual experiences and
general human experiences.
 Thoughts Shape
Personality

Beliefs Shape Personality

Cognitive
Theory Perceptions Shape Personality

Cognitions Shape Personality

 Behavioral Theory

Operant conditioning Observable behaviors

Behavioral theory examines how rewards and punishments Behavioral theory focuses on tangible, observable behaviors to
given for behaviors affect the likelihood of those behaviors understand personality development and change.
recurring. B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant
conditioning based on this idea.

In summary, behavioral theory proposes that personality arises from learned behaviors shaped by
environmental factors like rewards and punishments.
 Humanistic Theory

• Fulfilling needs • Internal experiences

Humanistic theory believes personality stems from individuals Humanistic theory focuses on understanding personality through
fulfilling their needs, starting with basic physiological needs and individuals' internal experiences, feelings, and perceptions.
moving up to higher psychological needs like love and self-
actualization.
• Unique potential
Humanistic theory emphasizes that each person has unique potential
• Self-actualization that shapes their personality as they strive for self-actualization.
According to humanistic psychologists like Maslow, self-actualization
is an inherent drive to develop one's fullest potential that shapes
personality.
 Freud, Jung, Maslow,
Rogers, Skinner

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded

psychoanalysis. He proposed the psychoanalytic theory of
personality. Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded
analytical psychology. He developed the theory of the collective
unconscious. Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist best
known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs representing human
motivation. Carl Rogers was an American psychologist who
originated the humanistic approach to psychology. B.F. Skinner was
an American psychologist known for his work on operant
conditioning and radical behaviorism.
 Main Theories

Theory Main Proponents

Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud

Traumatic Theory Carl Jung

Cognitive Theory Albert Bandura

Behavioral Theory B.F. Skinner

Humanistic Theory Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

*Generated based on information provided in the document

 Core Concepts

• Unconscious • Environment
The unconscious plays a major role in shaping personality according Behaviorists believe personality is the result of learned behaviors
to Freud's psychoanalytic theory. shaped by environmental factors.

• Archetypes • Self-actualization
Jung believed universal archetypes in the collective unconscious Humanistic theorists posit that the drive for self-actualization is key in
influence personality. shaping personality.

• Thoughts
Cognitive theories state that personality is shaped by an individual's
thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions.
 Approaches

Unconscious Forces Collective Unconscious Cognitions

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Jung's traumatic theory proposes that Cognitive theories suggest personality is
personality is largely shaped by unconscious personality arises from interactions between influenced by an individual's thoughts,
forces like the id. the personal and collective unconscious. beliefs, and perceptions.

Behaviors Human Potential

Behavioral theorists believe personality results from learned behaviors Humanistic theories propose personality stems from efforts to self-
shaped by external rewards and punishments. actualize and fulfill human potential.
 Conclusions
The psychoanalytic, traumatic, cognitive, behavioral, and humanistic theories provide different
perspectives on how personality develops. While the theories emphasize different factors, together they
demonstrate that personality arises from a combination of unconscious, conscious, individual, and
collective influences.