COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS

ASSOCIATION OF ZAMBIA (COSTAZ)

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND DO
WE HAVE CAUSE TO WORRY?

A PRESENTATION BY
MR. NTOLONGO AARON
 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PRESENTATION
 BACKGROUND OF AI
 SCHOLARLY DEFINITIONS
 WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING AI
 CURRENT STATUS
 CHALLENGES FOR AI
 THE FUTURE OF AI
 PROS AND CONS OF AI
 CHAT GPT – HOW DOES IT FIT IN?
 CONCLUSION
 BACKGROUND
 THE TERM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) WAS FIRST COINED BY
STANFORD UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR JOHN MACCARTHY AT THE FIRST
EVER AI CONFERENCE IN 1956
 AND IN 1969, ‘SHAKEY’ WAS THE FIRST GENERAL - PURPOSE MOBILE
ROBOT BUILT. IT HAD THE ABILITY TO DO THINGS PURPOSELY RATHER
THAN FOLLOWING LIST OF INSTRUCTIONS
 IN 1997, SUPER COMPUTER ‘DEEP BLUE’ WAS DESIGNED, DEFEATING THE
WORLD CHESS CHAMPION PLAYER AT THE TIME, THIS WAS A MASSIVE
MILESTONE BY IBM
 FROM 2005 – 2019, MANY AI TECHNOLOGIES HAVE BEEN INVENTED SOME OF
WHICH INCLUDE: FROM SPEECH RECOGNITION, ROBOTIC PROCESS
AUTOMATION (RPA), DANCING ROBOTS TO SMART HOMES, ETC…
 DEFINITIONS
 ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IS A POPULAR
BRANCH OF COMPUTER SCIENCE THAT IS
CONCERNED WITH THE BUILDING OF
‘‘INTELLIGENT’’ AND SMART MACHINES
CAPABLE OF PERFORMING INTELLIGENT
TASKS
 IT IS THE STUDY OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
THAT ATTEMPT TO MODEL AND APPLY THE
INTELLIGENCE OF THE HUMAN MIND
 IT IS THE CAPABILITY OF A MACHINE TO
IMITATE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
 WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING AI
THERE ARE BASICALLY TWO KEY WAYS IN WHICH AI CAN BE
IMPLEMENTED, THESE ARE;
 MACHINE LEARNING: IT IS ML THAT GIVES AI THE ABILITY
TO LEARN. THIS IS DONE BY USING ALGORITHMS TO
DISCOVER PATTERNS & GENERATE INSIGHTS FROM THE
DATA THEY ARE EXPOSED TO
 DEEP LEARNING: DEEP LEARNING, WHICH IS A SUB-
CATEGORY OF ML, PROVIDES AI WITH THE ABILITY TO MIMIC
OR IMITATE A HUMAN BRAIN’S NEAURAL NTWORK. IT CAN
MAKE SENSE OF THE PATTERNS, NOISE AND SOUNDS OF
CONFUSION IN THE DATA
 CURRENT STATUS
AI HAS GONE THROUGH MANY CHANGES OVER THE YEARS;
 FROM RUDIMENTAL ROBOTS TO VOICE RECOGNITION
SOFTWARE LIKE GOOGLE NOW, SIRI & CORTANA WHICH
ARE INTELLIGENT DPAs ON VARIOUS PLATFORMS. THESE
APPS CAN USE THEM TO MAKE CALLS, SEND MESSAGES, SET
REMINDERS, TAKE NOTES, RECOGNIZE MUSIC, FIND GREAT
RESTAURANTS, CHECK CALENDARS AND MANY MORE.
 VIDEO GAMES CHARACTERS
 GPS/VOICE RECOGNITION
 CHALLENGES FOR AI
 WITH ALL THE MAJOR ADVANCEMENTS AI HAS MADE, IT STILL
FACES SOME DAUNTING CHALLENGES, i.e:

 COMPUTING POWER

 TOLERANCE POWER

 INTUITIVE THINKING

 JUDGING POWER
 THE FUTURE OF AI
WITHOUT A DOUBT, AI IS HERE TO STAY & WILL BE PLAYING AN IMPORTANT
ROLE IN THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY, MOORE (2022) POSITS THAT SEVERAL
OTHER AI AREAS ARE GOING TO BE HUGELY EXPLORED AND WILL EVEN BE
MORE IMPORTANT IN THE NEAR FUTURE. SOME OF THE AREAS WHERE AI
HAS ALREADY BEGUN SHOWING HEADWAYS ARE THE;

 AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: SELF-DRIVING CARS i.e TESLA, NISSAN

 HEALTH & MEDICINE: WITH IMPROVED MEDICAL CARE & TREATMENT

 OPENING UP OF DOORS TO MANY OTHER

 PROS & CONS OF AI
ADVANTAGES OF AI
► AI REDUCES HUMAN ERROR TO ALMOST ZERO MARGINS
► AI NEVER SLEEPS – IT OPERATES ON A 24/7 BASIS
► UNLIKE HUMAN BEINGS, IT NEVER GETS BORED, IDEAL FOR
HANDLING REPETITIVE TASKS
► IT IS FASTER
► DEVOID OF EMOTIONS
► OBJECTIVITY
► RISKY, HARRZARDOUS OR DANGEROUS JOBS
 PROS & CONS OF AI
DISADVANATAGES OF AI
► IT IS VERY COSTLY TO IMPLEMENT
► IT CANT DUPLICATE HUMAN CREATIVITY i.e Adaptability, Reactions,
Empathetic
► IT WILL DEFINITELY REPLACE JOBS, LEADING TO MASSIVE
UNEMPLOYEMNT (According to the World Economic Forum, over 80 Million
jobs are likely to be lost by the year 2025, on the flipside, 97 new positions, will
be created)
► PEOPLE CAN EASILY BECOME OVERLY RELIANT ON AI
► NO ETHICS – AI SINGULARITY (AI WIPING OUT MANKIND FROM THE
FACE OF THE EARTH)
 CHATGPT – WHAT IT IS AND ISNT?
 GENERATIVE PRE-TRAINED TRANSFORMER (ChatGPT) IS A NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING TOOL DRIVEN BY AI TECHNOLOGY THAT ALLOWS YOU TO HAVE HUMAN – LIKE
CONVERSATIONS AND SO MUCH MORE WITH THE CHATBOT AND WAS CRAETED BY OpenAI,
AN AI & RESEARCH COMPANY
 ITS USAGE IS STILL CURRENTLY OPEN TO THE PUBLIC FREE OF CHARGE PRIMARILY
BECAUSE IT IS STILL IN ITS RESEARCH & FEEDBACK-COLLECTION PHASE ALTHOUGH A PAID
SUBSCRIPTION VERSION (ChatGPT) LAUNCHED IN EARLY FEBRUARY AT $20/MONTH
 ACCORDING TO ANALYSIS BY THE SWISS BANK UBS, ChatGPT IS THE FASTEST GROWING APP
OF ALL TIME. IT ESTIMATED THAT IT HAD 100 MILLION ACTIVE USERS IN JANUARY, TWO
MONTHS AFTER ITS LAUNCH. FOR COMPARISON, IT TOOK NINE TIK TOK TO REACH THAT
NUMBER
 IT IS NOT A SEARCH ENGINE: CHAT GPT IS A LANGUAGE MODEL CREATED TO HOLD A CONVO
WITH END USER WHILE A SEARCH ENGINE INDEXES WEB PAGES ON THE INTERNET TO HELP
USER FIND INFORMATION THEY ASKED FOR
 WHAT DOES ChatGPT DO?
APART FROM ANSWERING SIMPLE QUESTIONS, THE MODEL HAS
MANY OTHER USES LIKE;
 COMPSOSING ESSAYS OR ARTICLES
 DESCRIBE ART IN GREAT DETAIL
 CREATING AI ART PROMPTS
 HAVING PHILOSOPHICAL CONVERSATIONS
 WRITE CODE
 BUILD A RESUME
 SUMMARISE CONTENT
 WRITE A COVER LETTER
 LIMITATIONS OF ChatGPT
DESPITE THE GLITZ AND GLAMOUR, THE MODEL HAS LIMITATIONS.
THESE ARE;
 INABILITY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS THAT ARE WORDED IN A SPECIFIC WAYS, IT REQUIRES
REWORDING TO UNDERSTAND THE INPUT QUESTION
 THERE IS AN EVEN BIGGER LIMITATION OF LACK OF QUALITY IN THE RESPONSES IT
DELIVERS – WHICH MAY SOUND PLAUSIBLE BUT ACTUALY MAKES NO SENSE AT ALL OR BE
EXCESSIVELY VERBOSE
 SHOULD WE BE WORRIED?
 SOME EXPERTS ARE WORRIED THAT AI CHATBOTS WILL REPLACE OR ATROPHY HUMAN
INTELLIGENCE. FOR EXAMPLE, THE CHATBOT CAN WRITE AN ARTICLE ON ANY TOPIC
EFFICIENTLY (THOUGH NOT NECESSARILY ACCURATELY) WITHIN SECONDS, POTENTIALLY
ELIMINATING THE NEED FOR A HUMAN WRITER. OFCOURSE THIS COULD POTENTIALLY
LEAD TO SPREAD OF MISINFORMATION
 THE CHATBOT CAN WRITE AN ENTIRE ESSAY WITHIN SECONDS, MAKING IT EASIER FOR
STUDENTS TO CHEAT OR AVOID LEARNING HOW TO WRITE PROPERLY
 ALTERNATIVES TO CHATGPT
 DESPITE ITS EXTENSIVE ABILITIES, THERE ARE SOME DOWN SIDES
TO THE CHATBOT, INCLUDING THAT THE FREE VERSION IS OFTNE AT
CAPACITY. THE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVES APPS THAT ARE AS GOOD
AS IF NOT BETTER, i.e.

 BingChat

 YouChat

 Jasper

 Chatsonic
 CONCLUSION
 SOME PESSIMISTS FEAR THAT ONE DAY HUMANITY
SHALL BE OBLITERATED BY ADVANCED OR SUPER
COMPUTERS
 AT THIS POINT WE HAVE NO NEED FOR US TO FEAR,
AND AS A BANTER, WHEN WE PITIED AGAINST
COMPUTERS, I WOULD STILL STAKE ON HUMANITY
TO COME OUT STRONG
 DISCLAIMER

 THIS PRESENTATION WAS NOT DONE BY

CHATGPT

I THANK YOU!