[G] and [K] sounds

П о д гото в и л и с т уд е н т к и 2 ку р с а гру п пы 8 А И
К р ы г и н а А н а с т а с и я и П о л я ко в а Ма р га р и т а
 According to:

• To the degree of noise – noise

consonant
• To the manner of articulation –
occlusive plosive
Characteristics
• To the work of the vocal cords –
of [G] voiced
• To the force of articulation – weak
• To the place of articulation –
lingual, back lingual, velar
• To the position of the soft palate -
oral
 [G] is loud before a vowel and quite
loud before [l] and [r] sounds: gossip
[ˈɡɒsɪp], group [ɡruːp], glass [ɡlɑːs].
Occurrence
[G] is of ten quieter at the end of a
word or before a consonant: fog [ fɒɡ],
rugby [ˈrʌɡbɪ].
 Articulation

To make the target sound [G] fi rst

touch the back of the roof of your
mouth with the back of your
tongue. Then push air forward
behind your tongue. Then quickly
move your tongue away to release
the air suddenly. Use your voice.
 • English sound [g] is not deafened to
the sound [k] at the end of words,
as it happens with the Russian [г]
Comparison
with Russian • unlike the Russian [г] sound, the
English [g] is pronounced more
[г]
energetically and intensely

• English [g] is not softened, as it

happens with Russian [г]
 Tongue twisters

Granny’s gray goose goes last.

[ˈgræniz greɪ guːs gəʊz lɑːst]

Gilbert grabbed a golden globe, giving it to Gilda.

[ˈgɪlbət græbd ə ˈgəʊldən ˈgləʊb, ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt tə ˈgɪldə]

Gale’s great glass globe glows green.

[geɪlz greɪt glɑːs ˈgləʊb gləʊz griːn]
 Poem

Golden in the garden, ˈgəʊldən ɪn ðə ˈgɑːdn,

Golden in the glen, ˈgəʊldən ɪn ðə glɛn,

Golden, golden, golden, ˈgəʊldən, ˈgəʊldən, ˈgəʊldən,

September ’s here again! sɛpˈtɛmbəz hɪər əˈgɛn!

Golden in the tree tops, ˈgəʊldən ɪn ðə triː tɒps,

ˈgəʊldən ɪn ðə skaɪ,
Golden in the sky,
ˈgəʊldən, ˈgəʊldən, ˈgəʊldən
Golden, golden, golden
sɛpˈtɛmbəz ˈpɑːsɪŋ baɪ.
September ’s passing by.
 Idiomatic expressions

The idiom Transcription Explanation

to become popular, to
gain ground [geɪn graʊnd]
make progress
said about two people
like each other and
get along like a house on [gɛt əˈlɒŋ laɪk ə haʊs
become very close
fire ɒn ˈfaɪə]
friends in a very short
time.
strong feelings of
gall and wormwood [gɔːl ənd ˈwɜːmwʊd] bitterness and
resentment
get in someone's hair [gɛt ɪn ˈsʌmwʌnz heə] to annoy someone
 Academic text

T h e d o g i s a d o m e s t i c a t e d d e s c e n d a n t o f t h e w o l f. A l s o c a l l e d t h e d o m e s t i c d o g , i t i s d e r i ve d f r o m
t h e e x t i n c t P l e i s t o c e n e w o l f, a n d t h e m o d e r n w o l f i s t h e d o g ' s n e a r e s t l i v i n g r e l a t i ve . T h e d o g wa s
t h e fi r s t s p e c i e s t o b e d o m e s t i c a t e d , b y h u n t e r- g a t h e r e r s o v e r 1 5 , 0 0 0 ye a r s a g o, b e f o r e t h e
d e v e l o p m e n t o f a g r i c u l t u r e . D u e t o t h e i r l o n g a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h h u m a n s , d o g s h a ve e x p a n d e d t o a
l a r g e n u m b e r o f d o m e s t i c i n d i v i d u a l s a n d g a i n e d t h e a b i l i t y t o t h r i ve o n a s t a r c h - r i c h d i e t t h a t
would be inadequate for other canids.

ð ə d ɒ g ɪ z ə d ə ʊ ˈ m ɛ s t ɪ ke ɪ t ɪ d d ɪ ˈ s ɛ n d ə n t ə v ð ə w ʊ l f . ˈ ɔ ː l s ə ʊ k ɔ ː l d ð ə d ə ʊ ˈ m ɛ s t ɪ k d ɒ g , ɪ t ɪ z d ɪ
ˈ ra ɪ v d f r ə m ð ɪ ɪ k s
ˈtɪŋkt ˈpliːstəʊsiːn wʊlf, ənd ðə ˈmɒdən wʊlf ɪz ðə dɒgz ˈnɪərɪst ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪv. ðə dɒg
w ɒ z ð ə f ɜ ː s t ˈ s p i ː ʃ i ː z t ə b ɪ d ə ʊ ˈ m ɛ s t ɪ ke ɪ t ɪ d , b a ɪ ˈ h ʌ n t ə - ˈ g æ ð ə r ə z ˈ ə ʊ v ə 15,000 jɪəz əˈgəʊ, bɪ
ˈfɔː ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈægrɪkʌlʧə. djuː tə ðeə lɒŋ əˌsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n wɪð ˈhjuːmənz , dɒgz həv ɪks
ˈ p æ n d ɪ d t u ə l ɑ ː ʤ ˈ n ʌ m b ə r ə v d ə ʊ ˈ m ɛ s t ɪ k ˌ ɪ n d ɪ ˈ v ɪ d j ʊ ə l z ə n d g e ɪ n d ð i ə ˈ b ɪ l ɪ t i t ə θ ra ɪ v ɒ n ə s t ɑ ː ʧ -
r ɪ ʧ ˈ d a ɪ ə t ð ə t w ʊ d b i ɪ n ˈ æ d ɪ k w ɪ t f ə r ˈ ʌ ð ə ke ɪ n ɪ d s .
 According to:

• To the degree of noise – noise

consonant
• To the manner of articulation –
Characteristics occlusive plosive
• To the work of the vocal cords –
of [K]
voiceless
• To the force of articulation – strong
• To the place of articulation –
lingual, back lingual, velar
• To the position of the sof t palate -
oral
 [K] does not become sof t before the
vowel sounds [e], [i], [i:], and [ɜː] (keep
[kiːp], kept [kept], kids [kɪdz], occur [əˈkɜː])
Occurrence and before consonant sound [j] (queue
[kjuː]).

Before the [t] sound it is pronounced

without aspiration: attacked [ əˈtækt].
 Articulation

To make the target sound [K] fi rst

touch the back of the roof of your
mouth with the back of your
tongue. Then push air forward
behind your tongue. Then quickly
move your tongue away to release
the air suddenly. Don't use your
voice.
 The sound [k] is pronounced with an
exhalation, that is, with a slight
exhalation, as if with a hint of the sound
[h]. This breathing is heard most clearly
before vowels, whereas it is practically
Comparison absent before consonants.
with Russian As in English, Russian deaf consonants
[к] are articulated more intensely than
voiced ones, and are characterized by a
stronger air jet. However, the
tension/non-tension of consonants for
the Russian language is a concomitant
feature and to some extent optional.
 Tongue twisters

Captain Kangaroo's carefully crunching crunchy candy corn.

[ˈkæptɪn ˌkæŋgəˈruːz ˈkeəfl ɪ ˈkrʌnʧɪŋ ˈkrʌnʧi ˈkændɪ kɔːn]

A cup of proper coff ee in a copper coff ee cup.

[ə kʌp ɒv ˈprɒpə ˈkɒfɪ ɪn ə ˈkɒpə ˈkɒfɪ kʌp]

Chris crashes crimson cars quickly.

[krɪs ˈkræʃɪz ˈkrɪmzn kɑːz ˈkwɪklɪ]
 Poem
Old King Cole was a merr y old soul,
And a merr y old soul was he.
He called for his pipe
And he called for his bowl.
And he called for his fi ddlers three.
Ever y fi ddler had a fi ne fi ddle
And a ver y fi ne fi ddle had he.
Twee tweedle dee tweedle dee
Went the fi ddlers
Twiddle dum dee deedle dee dee.
əʊld kɪŋ kəʊl wɒz ə ˈmɛrɪ əʊld səʊl,
ənd ə ˈmɛrɪ əʊld səʊl wɒz hiː.
hɪ kɔːld fɔː hɪz paɪp
ənd hɪ kɔːld fɔː hɪz bəʊl.
ənd hɪ kɔːld fɔː hɪz ˈfɪdləz θriː.
ˈɛvrɪ ˈfɪdlə həd ə faɪn ˈfɪdl
ənd ə ˈvɛrɪ faɪn ˈfɪdl həd hiː.
twiː ˈtwiːdl diː ˈtwiːdl diː
wɛnt ðə ˈfɪdləz
ˈtwɪdl dʌm diː deedle diː diː.
 Idiomatic expressions

The idiom Transcription Explanation

to do something that will be
remembered or that makes one
make one´s mark [meɪk wʌnz mɑːk] famous or successful; to do
something that is very important or
meaningful
to keep someone or something at a
distance or from reaching full
keep (something) at bay [kiːp (ˈsʌmθɪŋ) ət beɪ]
potency, especially in order to
prevent harm to oneself
to cheat or swindle one for lot or all t
take (someone) to the heir money. Despite its meaning, the
[teɪk (ˈsʌmwʌn) tə ðə ˈkliːnəz]
cleaners phrase as used often does not refer
to actual cheating
to cause trouble or controversy, espec
 Academic text

C u r r e n t l y , t e c h n o l o g y i s a n e s s e n t i a l p a r t o f t h e h u m a n b e i n g ’s l i f e a n d i t h a s a h u g e i n fl u e n c e o n
t h e way w e c o m m u n i c a t e , l e a r n , w o r k a n d l i ve . m o r e o ve r, i t h a s c h a n g e d t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e o f
p e o p l e b e c a u s e b e f o r e , t h e h u m a n b e i n g wa s t e d s o m a ny h o u r s d o i n g t h i n g s t h a t n o wa d a y s , i t i s
possible to do them within seconds, not to mention that the world is smaller and the life is more
h e c t i c . H o w e ve r, i t i s u n c e r t a i n i f t h e e ff e c t s o f t e c h n o l o g y o n s o c i e t y h ave b e e n b e n e fi c i a l o r
n o t . S o, i t i s i m p o r t a n t t o a n a l y z e t h e b o t h s i d e s i n o r d e r t o h a ve a n o v e ra l l i d e a a b o u t t h i s t o o l
t h a t h a s c h a n g e d t h e l i ve s o f p e o p l e .

ˈ k ʌ r ə n t l i , t ɛ k ˈ n ɒ l ə ʤ ɪ ɪ z ə n ɪ ˈ s ɛ n ʃ ə l p ɑ ː t ə v ð ə ˈ h j u ː m ə n ˈ b i ː ɪ ŋ z l a ɪ f ə n d ɪ t h ə z ə h j u ː ʤ ˈ ɪ n fl ʊ ə n s
ɒ n ð ə w e ɪ w ɪ k ə ˈ m j u ː n ɪ ke ɪ t , l ɜ ː n , w ɜ ː k ə n d l ɪ v . m ɔ ː ˈ r ə ʊ v ə , ɪ t h ə z ʧ e ɪ n ʤ d ð ə ˈ k w ɒ l ɪ t i ə v l a ɪ f ə v
ˈpiːpl bɪˈkəz bɪˈfɔː, ðə ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋ ˈweɪstɪd səʊ ˈmɛni ˈaʊəz ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ θɪŋz ðət
ˈnaʊədeɪz, ɪt ɪz ˈpɒsəbl tə dʊ ðəm wɪˈðɪn ˈsɛkəndz, nɒt tə ˈmɛnʃən ðət ðə wɜːld ɪz ˈsmɔːlər ənd
ðə laɪf ɪz mɔː ˈhɛktɪk. haʊˈɛvə, ɪt ɪz ʌnˈsɜːtn ɪf ðɪ ɪˈfɛkts əv tɛkˈnɒləʤɪ ɒn səˈsaɪəti həv
biːn ˌbɛnɪˈfɪʃəl ɔː nɒt. səʊ, ɪt ɪz ɪmˈpɔːtənt tʊ ˈænəlaɪz ðə bəʊθ saɪdz ɪn ˈɔːdə tə həv ən
ˈəʊvərɔːl aɪˈdɪə əˈbaʊt ðɪs tuːl ðət həz ʧeɪnʤd ðə lɪvz əv ˈpiːpl.