NAME : WESLEY TADIWANASHE RUSERE

PRN : 220101051003

DIVISION : A

ROLL NO : 04

TOPIC : BOUYANCY

COURSE : FLUID DYNAMICS

PROGRAM : B.TECH AEROSPACE

BOUYANCY
 INTRODUCTION OF BOUYANCY

• Buoyancy, a phenomenon attributed to Archimedes, refers to

the upward force experienced by an object submerged in a
fluid (liquid or gas). This force is proportional to the displaced
volume of the fluid and is instrumental in understanding
various natural phenomena, engineering principles, and
everyday applications.
PRINCIPLE OF BOUYANCY

• Buoyancy arises due to the pressure differences in a fluid. When an

object is immersed in a fluid, it displaces a volume of the fluid equal
to its own volume. The pressure at the bottom of the object is higher
than at the top due to the weight of the fluid column above it. This
pressure difference creates an upward force, known as the buoyant
force, which opposes the weight of the object.
• ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE

• Archimedes' principle quantifies buoyant force, stating that the

upward force exerted on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the
weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Mathematically, this
principle is expressed as F_b = ρ * V * g, where F_b is the buoyant
force, ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the volume of the displaced
fluid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
• BOUYANT FORCE AND FLUID DYNAMICS

• In fluid dynamics, buoyancy plays a crucial role in understanding the

behavior of fluids. It is a key factor in determining the stability of
floating objects, the design of ships, submarines, and other vessels, as
well as in the functioning of hydromechanical systems.
• EQUATIONS GOVERNING BOUYANCY

• The buoyant force can be calculated using the formula F_b = ρ_fluid *
V_displaced * g, where ρ_fluid is the density of the fluid, V_displaced
is the volume of fluid displaced by the immersed object, and g is the
acceleration due to gravity.
• Additionally, the relationship between the weight of the object in air
(W_air) and its apparent weight in the fluid (W_fluid) can be expressed
as W_fluid = W_air - F_b.
• APPLICATION OF BOUYANCY

• Shipbuilding: Designing ships to displace water efficiently.

• Submarine technology: Utilizing buoyancy to control depth.
• Hot air balloons and airships: Utilizing buoyancy to achieve
flight.
• Density-based separation techniques: In industries for
separating materials of different densities.
• Hydromechanical systems: Such as valves, pumps, and
hydraulic lifts.
• TYPES OF BOUYANCY

• Positive Buoyancy: Objects that float on the surface or rise in

a fluid due to the buoyant force exerted on them experience
positive buoyancy. This type of buoyancy is commonly seen
in objects less dense than the fluid they displace, causing
them to float or rise to the surface.
• Negative Buoyancy: Contrary to positive buoyancy, objects
denser than the surrounding fluid experience negative
buoyancy. These objects tend to sink due to the higher
density, with the buoyant force exerted being insufficient to
counteract their weight
• Neutral Buoyancy: When an object's density matches that of
the fluid it's in, it experiences neutral buoyancy. Such objects
neither sink nor float but remain suspended at a certain
depth within the fluid. Neutral buoyancy is often exploited in
controlled environments like underwater research facilities
or in scuba diving to simulate weightlessness.
• Dynamic Buoyancy: This type of buoyancy is associated with
moving fluids, particularly gases. For instance, an aircraft's
wings generate lift due to differences in air pressure,
resulting in dynamic buoyancy. Submarines also manipulate
dynamic buoyancy by adjusting their buoyancy to control
depth in water
• Thermal Buoyancy: Temperature variations within a fluid can
cause changes in its density, leading to thermal buoyancy.
Warmer, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid
sinks, driving natural convection currents. This phenomenon
is essential in understanding weather patterns, ocean
currents, and the circulation of fluids in various systems.