ESTADISTICA A0501

Variables aleatorias discretas

Ing. Sergio Castillo Páez, Ph.D.
 Variable aleatoria
In general, each outcome of an experiment can be associated with a number by specifying a
rule of association.

Random variables are customarily denoted by uppercase letters, such as X and

Y, near the end of our alphabet. In contrast to our previous use of a lowercase letter,
such as x, to denote a variable, we will now use lowercase letters to represent some
particular value of the corresponding random variable. The notation X(s) x means
that x is the value associated with the outcome s by the rv X.
Variable aleatoria: Ejemplos
Variables aleatorias discretas y continuas
Distribución de probabilidad o función masa de
probabilidad (de una v.a. discreta)
Ejemplo 1: función masa de probabilidad
 Ejemplo 2: Función masa de probabilidad
Consider a group of five potential blood donors—a, b, c, d, and e—of whom only a and b
have type O+ blood. Five blood samples, one from each individual, will be typed in random
order until an O individual is identified. Let the rv Y the number of typings necessary to
identify an O+ individual.
 Parámetros de una distribución
In Example 1, we had p(0) = .8 and p(1) = .2 because 20% of all purchasers selected a laptop
computer. At another bookstore, it may be the case that p(0) = .9 and p(1) = .1. More
generally, it can be expressed in the form p(1) =  and p(0) = 1 - , where 0 <  < 1. Then,
each choice of  yields a different pmf.
Ejemplo 3: Parámetros de una distribución
Función de distribución acumulada
Ejm 2 cont.: Función de distribución
acumulada
Ejemplo 4: Función de distribución acumulada
Ejm 3 cont.: Función de distribución
acumulada
Valor esperado de una v.a. discreta
Valor esperado como media poblacional
teórica
Valor esperado de una función
Propiedades del Valor Esperado

Example: Solve the latter exercise using these properties.

Varianza y desviación estándar de una v.a.
discreta
Propiedades de la Varianza de una v.a.

Example: In the computer sales problem:

Characterization of a random variable