RELATIONS AND

FUNCTIONS
A relation is a set of ordered
pairs. The domain of a
relation is the set of first
coordinates. While the range
is the set of second
coordinates.
A function on the other hand
is a relation in which each
element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one
element of the range.
 A relation may be classified as:

one-to-one many-to-one one-to-many

correspondence correspondence correspondence
It is one-to-one if every element in the domain is
mapped to a unique element in the range
• Example
It is many-to-one if any two or more elements of the
domain are mapped to the same element in the range

• Example
It is one-to-many if each element in the domain is
mapped to any two or more elements in the range.

• Example
NOTE: Every
function is a One-to-one
relation, but correspondence and a
some relations many-to-one
are not correspondence are
functions. functions while the one-
to-many correspondence
is not.
A relation may be represented in five
different ways:

(2) Set of (3) Mapping

(1) Table,
ordered pairs, diagram,

(4) Graph,
(5) Rule
and
Example:
Paul pays an amount of Php 12 per hour for
using the internet. During Saturdays and
Sundays, he enjoys and spends most of his
time playing a game especially if he is with
his friends online. He plays the game almost
4 hours.
Questions:
1. How much will Paul pay for using the internet for 1 hour? 2 hours? 3
hours? 4 hours?
2. Is the amount to be paid by Paul related to the number of hours? How?
3. Based on your answers in no. 1, what is the domain? What is the range?
4. Is it a relation? Explain.
5. How are time and amount related to each other?
6. If Paul has decided not to play the game in the internet cafe this weekend,
what is the maximum amount that he would have saved?
Answers:
1. Paul will pay Php 12 for 1 hour, Php 24 for 2 hours, Php 36 for 3 hours
and Php 48 for 4 hours.
2. Yes, the amount to be paid by Paul depends on the number of hours.
3. In the relation above, the domain is {1, 2, 3, 4} and the range is {12, 24,
36, 48}.
4. Yes
5. The amount Paul will have to pay depends on the time he played. The
amount is 12 times the length of time.
6. Php 48 is the amount that Paul would have saved.
The vertical line test is a method that is used to
determine whether a given relation is a
function or not.
What is the independent and dependent variable
in an equation?
In an equation where y is expressed in terms of x,
the variable x is considered the independent
variable because any value could be assigned to it.
While the variable y is the dependent variable
because its value depends on the value of x.
Another way to put it is the independent variable is
the input value while the dependent variable is the
output value.
Example:
Rhian spends 30 minutes each day exercising. Let
d be the number of days that Rhian exercises, and
let m represent the total minutes of exercise in a
given time frame. Show the relationship between
the number of days that Rhian exercises and the
total minutes that she exercises. Write an
equation.
Independent Variable: Number of days (d)
Dependent Variable: total number of minutes (m)
Equation: m = 30d