GROUP MEMBERS

BRIGID KERUBO BSN-1-7309-1/2021

PATRICK MOON SINTI BSN-1-5230-1/2021
JOAN WAMBUI G. BSN-1-5197-3/2020
ANDREW DAYKIN BSN-1-5238-3/2020
BRIAN KIGOMO BSN-1-0015-1/2021
BARASA ISAAC BSN-1-5235-3/2020
MUNYI PAULINE BSN-1-8699-2/2019 1
NURSING CARE DELIVERY
MODELS

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INTRODUCTION:

•- Nursing care delivery models are vital for optimizing patient care in healthcare.
• - These models determine the structure and organization of nursing services.
• - The choice of a model impacts patient outcomes, resource allocation, and efficiency.
• - Understanding these models is crucial for healthcare professionals and administrators.
• - This presentation will explore various nursing care delivery models and their
implications.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING MODEL CHOICE

• - The choice of a nursing care delivery model depends on multiple factors:

• - Healthcare setting: The nature of the facility and available resources.
• - Patient population: The unique needs and characteristics of patients.
• - Resource availability: Staffing, equipment, and budget considerations.
• - Clinical acuity: The complexity of patient conditions.
• - Facility culture and philosophy: Organizational values and priorities.
• - Regulatory requirements: Compliance with healthcare standards and regulations.

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 1. TEAM NURSING

- Team nursing involves a collaborative approach with multiple

healthcare professionals.
- Team members share responsibilities, improving efficiency and
delegation.
- Effective communication and coordination among team members
are essential.
- Process include cost-effectiveness and task delegation, but it may
lead to fragmented care. 5
- Leadership is crucial to ensure coordination and continuity of care.
Team leader who is the RN is responsible for the following:

•Planning care
•Assigning duties
•Directing, supervising, and assisting team members
•Giving direct care

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Circumstances where applied

•- Commonly used in acute care settings, such as hospitals.

• - Applicable in high patient-to-nurse ratio environments.
• - In fast-paced settings like emergency departments.
• - In large healthcare facilities with a diverse patient population.
• - For complex patients requiring the expertise of different healthcare providers.

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Advantages
•High-quality, comprehensive care can be provided with a relatively high proportion of ancillary staff
•Each member participates in decision making, problem solving
•Each member contributes his/her own special expertise or skills
•Effective teamwork enhances patient safety and satisfaction
•Disadvantages
•Continuity of care may suffer with daily team assignments
•Team leader may not have the leadership skills required to effectively direct the team
•Insufficient time for care planning and communication leads to unclear goals and fragmented care
Common use areas: effective, efficient method of patient care delivery that has been used in most inpatient
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and outpatient health care settings
2. PRIMARY NURSING

•Primary nursing assigns a dedicated primary nurse to each patient.

•The primary nurse takes overall responsibility for patient care.
•This model fosters personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.
•High patient satisfaction and better care continuity are notable advantages.
•Resource-intensive due to the one-on-one nature of care.
•It may lead to high workloads for primary nurses; staffing considerations are essential.

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Advantages
•Direct patient care provided by a small number of nurses allows for high-quality, holistic patient care
•Patient able to establish a rapport with the primary nurse, and patient satisfaction is enhanced
•Job satisfaction high because nurses are able to practice with a high degree of autonomy and feel challenged and rewarded

Disadvantages
•Implementation may be difficult because primary nurse is required to practice with a high degree of responsibility and autonomy
•Inadequately prepared primary nurse may not be able to make the necessary clinical decisions or to communicate effectively
with the health care team
•RN may not be willing to accept 24-hour responsibility as required
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•Number of RNs required for this method of care may not be cost-effective and may be difficult to recruit and train
Common use areas: home health, hospice, long-term care
Circumstances where applied

• - Suited for long-term care facilities, home healthcare, and rehabilitation centers.
• - In settings with stable, predictable patient populations.
• - In cases involving patients with chronic illnesses who require ongoing care management.
• - In pediatric care, where building trust is crucial for child patients.
• - For cases where a consistent point of contact is vital.

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3. TOTAL PATIENT CARE / CASE NURSING

•Total patient care involves one nurse providing care to a single patient during their shift.
•This model offers highly personalized and focused care.
• It ensures direct nurse-patient relationships and in-depth attention.
• Resource-intensive and often not practical in high-demand settings.
• Suitable for critical cases and high-acuity patients.
• Requires effective time management and prioritization.

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Advantages
•RN maintains a high degree of practice autonomy
•Lines of responsibility and accountability are clear
•Patient receives holistic, unfragmented care
•Communication at shift change is simple and direct

Disadvantage
•Number of RNs required is very costly
•Some tasks could be accomplished by a caregiver with less training and at a lower cost
•Nursing shortage will affect RN availability 14
Common use areas: intensive care units, post-anesthesia care units
Circumstances where applied

• - Common in critical care units, specialized facilities, and high-acuity patient scenarios.
• - In cases requiring constant monitoring and assessment.
• - In end-of-life care in hospice settings.
• - When dealing with patients requiring intensive monitoring and interventions.
• - When patients need highly personalized, focused care.
• - For building strong nurse-patient bonds and in-depth care planning.

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4. CASE MANAGEMENT

• Case management coordinates and optimizes care across the healthcare continuum.
• The case manager is responsible for ensuring patients receive the right services at the
right time.
• It's especially beneficial for patients with complex needs or chronic conditions.
• It promotes seamless transitions between different care settings.
• Case managers work closely with patients and their families to develop care plans.
• Effective case management reduces costs and enhances patient outcomes.

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Circumstances where applied

•- Beneficial for patients with complex needs and those with chronic conditions, such as
diabetes or heart disease.
• - In cases involving patients transitioning between different care settings (e.g., hospital to
home).
• - In chronic care management, where long-term support is required.
• - In managed care organizations focused on optimizing healthcare resources.
• - In geriatric care, where many patients have complex healthcare needs.
• - In mental health care, especially for individuals with a range of needs.
• - In settings requiring seamless care transitions and efficient resource allocation.
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 •Patient-centered care emphasizes active patient involvement
in their care.
•Patients are considered partners in decision-making and care
planning.
5. PATIENT- •This approach considers patients' values, preferences, and
CENTERED CARE cultural factors.
• Shared decision-making results in care plans that align with
patients' goals.
• Enhanced patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment
plans.
• Requires open communication, respect, and empathy for
patients' perspectives.

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Circumstances where applied

•- Suitable for a wide range of healthcare settings, particularly in chronic disease

management and primary care.
• - In cases where patients have specific cultural, spiritual, or ethical concerns.
• - In preventative care and health promotion.
• - In palliative care, where patient comfort and quality of life are priorities.
• - For cases involving culturally diverse patient populations with varying needs and
preferences.
• - In cases where patients' goals and preferences must align with care.

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 6. INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE TEAMS

•Interdisciplinary care teams involve various healthcare professionals working

collaboratively.
•Physicians, nurses, social workers, and therapists collaborate to provide comprehensive
care.
•This model is commonly used in acute and critical care settings.
•Team collaboration promotes holistic care and better patient outcomes.
•Effective communication and shared knowledge are critical.
•Each team member contributes their expertise to patient care.

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Circumstances where applied

•- Common in acute care settings, such as hospitals, where patients require multiple
specialties.
• - In cases involving patients with a combination of physical, mental, and social issues.
• - In rehabilitation centers with patients recovering from diverse conditions.
• - In oncology care, where treatment often involves a range of specialists.
• - In geriatric care for patients with multifaceted needs.
• - In cases where care coordination among diverse healthcare providers is essential.

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7. FUNCTIONAL NURSING

•Functional nursing assigns specific tasks to specialized nurses or healthcare workers.

•Tasks may include medication administration, wound care, or patient education.
•This model is resource-efficient and ensures expertise in specific areas.
•It may lead to fragmented care if roles are not well-defined or coordinated.
•Requires clear communication and well-organized workflows.
•Common in larger healthcare facilities to manage diverse patient needs.

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Circumstances where applied

•- Often used in larger healthcare facilities with a high volume of patients.

• - In tertiary care centers with specialized units, such as cardiac or neurology.
• - In cases where certain skills or procedures require specific training.
• - In settings where streamlined workflows and efficiency are a priority.
• - When nursing staff has a mix of skill levels.
• - In critical care units for specialized interventions.
• - In cases requiring efficient task-based healthcare services.

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8. MODULAR NURSING

•Modular nursing divides patient care into specialized modules, allowing nurses to focus on
specific areas.
•Nurses may specialize in medication management, wound care, or patient education.
•This model streamlines the delivery of specialized care and improves efficiency.
•Each module is managed by a specialized nurse or team, enhancing expertise.
•Collaboration is essential for managing care transitions between modules.
•Particularly effective for large healthcare settings with diverse patient needs.

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Circumstances where applied

•- Effective in larger healthcare settings with diverse patient needs.

• - In settings with varying levels of acuity and specialized care needs.
• - In academic medical centers with teaching hospitals.
• - In specialized units like a burn center or rehabilitation facility.
• - In cases where care modules can be clearly defined and assigned.
• - In settings where cost-efficiency and resource utilization are crucial.
• - In situations where streamlined care is a priority.

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 •Transitional care ensures smooth patient transitions
between different care settings, like hospital to home or
home to a long-term care facility.
9. TRANSITIONAL CARE •Nurses play a vital role in ensuring care continuity,
safety, and effective communication.
•Effective transitional care enhances patient satisfaction
and reduces adverse events.
•The focus is on comprehensive care planning and
patient education.
•Communication between healthcare settings is vital for
successful transitions.
•Reduces the risk of medication errors and readmissions.

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Circumstances where applied

•- Beneficial for patients transitioning from hospitals to home or long-term care facilities.
• - In long-term care settings preparing patients for return to the community.
• - In rehabilitation centers working with patients to regain independence.
• - In cases where patients are at risk of readmission.
• - In settings with high rates of medication non-compliance or errors during transitions.
• - When patients have complex care plans that require close monitoring during
transitions.
• - In scenarios where the risk of complications during transitions is high.

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Conclusion

In summary, nursing care delivery models are instrumental in healthcare. Each model offers
distinct advantages and challenges, and the choice should align with the specific
requirements of the healthcare facility and the patient population.

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