RADAR DETECTOR USING ARDUINO

TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Dept. Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

PREPARED BY
• K. SAI VARUN (21241-EC-029)

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CONTENT:
•Introduction
•Objective
•About RADAR
•Block Diagram
•Component
•Working Procedure
•Code for Ardunio UNO
•Processing Code for Detection
•Applications of radar system
•Advantages of radar detector
•Disadvantages and Limitations of radar detector
•Conclusion
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 Introduction:
 The Arduino Radar detector project is popular nowadays and now we will
understand what actually is it.
 It is just like mini radar it recognizes the object in the path and makes a red
affected area near the object.
 so, this is called radar and it works on the Ultrasonic frequency.
 It consists ultrasonic sensor mounted over the servo motor and connected to
software that shows the output on the computer screen.
 The interface of this software is pretty the same as the Radar interface.

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 OBJECTIVE:
•To study the basic operation ofRadar and it’s principle .
• To Know about Arduino , Ultrasonic sensor and Servo motor .
• To know the working of Radar Detector using Arduino .
• To know the Advantages and Disadvantages of Radar Detector
using Arduino .

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Block Diagram :

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PIN DIAGRAM : CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

 The circuit diagram of the Arduino radar sensor system is quite

 simple.
 The control pin of the servo is connected to the Arduino pin 11
, and the TRIG and ECHO pins of the Ultrasonic
 sensor are connected respectively to pin 9 &10 of the Arduino.
 Power supply with common GND is connected to the Servo
Motor and Ultrasonic Sensor.

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The components required for making this project are:

 Arduino UNO
 HC-SRo4 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Servo Motor
 BreadBoard
 Jumper wires
 Power Supply
 USB Cable for Arduino

Software Required :

 Arduino IDE
 Processing Application
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  Arduino UNO :
• The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board
based on the Microchip ATmega328P
• Microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and
initially released in 2010.
• The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital
and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced
to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.
• The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM
output), 6 analog I/O pins, and Is programmable with the
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a
type B USB cable.
• It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector
that accepts voltages between
7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery.

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 SERVO MOTOR :

• A servo motor is an electromechanical device that produces torque and velocity based on
the supplied current and voltage.
• A servo motor works as part of a closed loop system providing torque and velocity as
commanded from a servo controller utilizing a feedback device to close the loop.

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 ULTRASONIC SENSOR :

• Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals.

• An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic
sound waves.
• An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back
information about an object's proximity.

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 WORKING PROCEDURE :
o Connect the circuit as per the circiut diagram and check the connections properly .
. o To start the Arduino Radar Sensor, you should know the programming code.
o There are two programming codes need to start the radar.
o One is the Arduino UNO and another one is the processing.

CODE FOR ARDUINO UNO :

// Includes the Servo library
#include <Servo.h>.
// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor
const int trigPin = 10;
const int echoPin = 11;
// Variables for the duration and the distance
long duration;
int distance;
Servo myServo;
// Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor
void setup() {
{
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
// Sets the trigPin as an Output
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pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
// Sets the echoPin as an Input Serial.begin(9600);
myServo.attach(12);
// Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached
}
void loop() {
// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees
for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree
Serial.print(i);
// Sends the current degree into the Serial Port
Serial.print(",");
// Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
Serial.print(distance);
// Sends the distance value into the Serial Port
Serial.print(".");
// Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
}
// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees
for(int i=165;i>15;i--){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(",");

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Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(".");
}
}
// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor
int calculateDistance(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
distance= duration*0.034/2;
return distance;
}

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 PROCESSING CODE :
import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port
import java.io.IOException;
Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial
// defubes variables
String angle="";
String distance="";
String data="";
String noObject;
float pixsDistance;
int iAngle, iDistance;
int index1=0;
int index2=0;
PFont orcFont;
void setup() {
size (1200, 700); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***
smooth();
myPort = new Serial(this,"COM5", 9600); // starts the serial communication
myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.
}
void draw() {

fill(98,245,31);
// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line
noStroke();
fill(0,4);
rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065); 14
 fill(98,245,31); // green color
// calls the functions for drawing the radar
drawRadar();
drawLine();
drawObject();
drawText();
}
void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port
// reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".
data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');
data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);

index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1"
angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or that’s
the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port
distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the
data pr thats the value of the distance
// converts the String variables into Integer
iAngle = int(angle);
iDistance = int(distance);
}
void drawRadar() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
noFill();
strokeWeight(2); 15
stroke(98,245,31);
 // draw the arc lines
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);
// draws the angle lines
line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));
line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);
popMatrix();
}
void drawObject() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(255,10,10); // red color
pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels
// limiting the range to 40 cms
if(iDistance<40){
// draws the object according to the angle and the distance
line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),
-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));
}
popMatrix();
}
void drawLine() { 16
pushMatrix();
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(30,250,60);
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle
popMatrix();
}
void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen

pushMatrix();
if(iDistance>40) {
noObject = "Out of Range";
}
else {
noObject = "In Range";
}
fill(0,0,0);
noStroke();
rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);
fill(98,245,31);
textSize(25);
text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);
text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);
text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);
text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);
text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);
text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);
textSize(40);
text("SciCraft ", width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277); 17
text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);
text("Distance: ", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);
if(iDistance<40) {
text(" " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277);
}
textSize(25);
fill(98,245,60);
translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));
rotate(-radians(-60));
text("30°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));
rotate(-radians(-30));
text("60°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));
rotate(radians(0));
text("90°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));
rotate(radians(-30));
text("120°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));
rotate(radians(-60));
text("150°",0,0);
popMatrix();
}
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 APPLICATIONS OF RADAR SYSTEM
• Air Traffic Control (ATC): RADARs are used for safety controlling of the air traffi c. It is used in the vicinity of airports for guiding
airplanes for proper landing in adverse weather conditions. Usually, high resolution RADARis employed for this purpose.
RADARs are used with ground control approach (GCA) system for safe aircraft landing.
• Aircraft Navigation : The weather avoidance RADARs and ground mapping RADARs are employed in aircrafts to navigate it
properly in all the conditions. Radio altimeter and Doppler navigator are also a form of RADAR. These RADARs provide safety to
aircraft from potential collision with other aircraft and objects.
• Ship Navigation and Safety : High resolution Shore based RADARs are used for beaconing and as an aid of navigation. During
poor visibility due to bad weather conditions, the RADAR provides safe travel by warning potential threats. They are also use
to find the depth of sea.
• Space: RADARs are used for docking and safely landing of spacecrafts. Satellite borne RADARs are also used for remote
sensing. Ground based RADARs are used to track and detect the satellites and spacecraft.
• Remote sensing and Environment: They are employed in remote sensing for detecting weather (meteorological) conditions of
the atmosphere and tracking of planetary conditions.
• Law Enforcements : Highway police force widely uses RADARs to measure the vehicle speed for safety regulations.
• Military area: RADARs have got wide application in military operations. They are used in air, naval and ground for defense
purposes. They are also used for tracking, surveillance and detection of the target. Weapon control, Fire control and missile
guidance is usually employed with various types of RADARs. Long range RADAR is very useful for many purposes.
It is generally used to track space objects. Furthermore, it is also used for ballistic missiles...
• Land use, Forestry and Agriculture : Observing the land surface is being considered as an experimental application for ERS-1
data in the original mission targets. Major potential application area for ERS data are being offered by the the ability to monito
crop development and forestry changes independent of weather conditions.
• Other Applications : Ground penetrating RADARs are widely used by geologist for studying the position of the earth for
Earthquake detection. Scientists use RADAR for better study of movements of animals,birds and insects. Archeologists use it
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for detecting buried artifacts. Many industries and factories use it for safety purposes.
 ADVANTAGE OF RADAR DETECTOR
 It is not affected by color or transparency. Basically, the Ultrasonic Sensors transmit the sound off of the
object, hence the color and transparency have no effect on the radar reading.

 Any dark environments have no effect on this Arduino radar sensor’s detection procedure.
So, it can also use at night.

 Easy to design and low price. The ultrasonic sensors are available at the market with very cheap price.

 It has high frequency, high sensitivity, therefore, it can easily detect the external or deep objects.

 This radar sensor is not affected by dust, rain, snow, and many more.

 It has a self-cleaning system to continue running and less downtime.

 The Arduino Radar Sensor is easy to use. Also, it is completely safe during the operation to nearby objects,
human or equipment.

 The Ultrasonic sensor can easily interface with any types of the microcontroller.

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DISADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF RADAR DETECTOR

x The Arduino Radar Sensor conduct sound to continue the work. So, it is not working in a vacuum
as there is no air for the sound to travel through.

x A very soft fabric can absorb more sound waves. Therefore, it is hard to detect objects which are
covered with soft fabric.

x If temperature changes of 5 to 10 degree or more then it is the effect on the sensing accuracy.
Although this is true that there have many more temperature compensated sensors available.

x Another limitation is the detection range. This depends on which Ultrasonic sensor have used to
make the Arduino Radar Sensor.

x While the radar using for inspection purpose, make sure it should be water resistive.
Otherwise highly chances of damage.

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 CONCLUSION

 In this paper a system radar system was designed with the help of Arduino,
servomotor and ultrasonic sensor which can detect the position, distance of
obstacle which comes in its way and converts it into visually representable form.
This system can be used in robotics for object detection and avoidance system or
can also be used for intrusion detection for location sizes. Range of the system
depends upon type of ultra-sonic sensor used. We used HC-SR04 sensor which
range from 2 to 40 cm.
 The Arduino Radar Sensor reveals the existence of a phenomenon of objects. Today
in modern science use it for a different purpose. This technology can make the
world better.

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Thanks for giving this opportunities.

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