Microsoft Excel

Business Computer Applications

 PREFACE

• Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed

by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android an
d iOS. It features calculation, graphing
tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming
language called Visual Basic for Applications.
It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet
for these platforms, especially since version 5
in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the
industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel
forms part of the Microsoft Office suite of
software.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express my
deep sense of gratitude to all those people without
whom this project could have never been completed.
First and foremost I would like to thank my Parents for
their inexhaustible source of inspiration. I would like
to extend my gratitude to Mr. Ajay Dhiman (MD) SR
Institute BAIJNATH for his constant guidance and
providing a very nice platform to learn. I would also
like to thank Sunil Sir (our Trainer) for his constant
encouragement and moral support, without which I
could have never been able to give in my best.
 INDEX

• USE IN FUNCTIONS
• BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
SUM
• AVG
• SIN
• COUNT IF
• USEFUL FUNCTIONS
• CONDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
• IF
• LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
• EXAMPLE
• VLOOKUP
• FORMAT
• END
 Using Functions in Excel

• Use spreadsheets in decision making; use Goal Seek

and Scenario Manager to evaluate multiple conditions
• Use financial functions (PMT, etc.)
• Use fill handle and AutoFill capability
• Use pointing to create a formula
• Statistical Functions — MAX, MIN, AVERAGE, COUNT
• Use functions over arithmetic expressions
• Decision making functions (IF and VLOOKUP (vertical
lookup))
 Excel Built-In Functions

SUM
AVERAGE
SIN
IF
AND
COUNT
COUNTIF
Many More … (look at Help and fx)
 SUM(number1, number 2,…)

• Example
=SUM(3, 2) equals 5

• If cells A2:E2 contain 5, 15, 30, 40, and 50:

=SUM(A2:C2) equals 50 =SUM(B2:E2, 15) equals 150
 AVERAGE(number 1, number 2,…)

• Examples

If A1:A5 is named Scores and contains the numbers

10, 7, 9, 27, and 2, then:

=AVERAGE(A1:A5) equals 11
=AVERAGE(Scores) equals 11
=SUM(A1:A5)/COUNT(A1:A5) equals 11
 SIN(number)

• IMPORTANT NOTE:
– Angle (number) must be provided in radians If your
argument is in degrees, multiply it by PI()/180 to
convert it to radians.

=SIN(PI()) equals 1.22E-16, which is approx. 0

=SIN(PI()/2) equals 1
=SIN(30*PI()/180) equals 0.5, the sine of 30 degrees
 COUNT

• COUNT counts the number of cells that contain

numbers & numbers within the list of arguments.

• Value 1, 2,…, are 1 to 30 arguments that can contain

or refer to a variety of different types of data, but only
numbers are counted.

• Ex., If cells A1:A17 contain some data, then

=COUNT(A1:A17) equals 17
=COUNT(A6:A17) equals 12
 COUNTIF(range,criteria)

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the

given criteria.

Suppose A3:A6 contain "apples", "oranges", "peaches",

"apples", respectively:

COUNTIF(A3:A6,"apples") equals 2

Suppose B3:B6 contain 32, 54, 75, 86, respectively:

COUNTIF(B3:B6,">55") equals 2
 =COUNTIF(A4:A130,1)
(A4:A130,1)
=D4/D9*100
(A4:A130,2)
(A4:A130,3)
(A4:A130,4)
(A4:A130,5)
 Some Useful Functions

• IF
• TIME
functions
 Conditional Functions

• Conditional functions allow the software to perform

conditional tests and evaluate a condition in your
worksheet. Depending on whether the condition is
true or false, different values will be returned to the
cells.

• =IF is the most important conditional function

 If

=IF(condition, action if true, action if false)

This tests the “condition” to determine if specific results

or cell contents are true or false.

If the result of the test is true, the “action if true” is

executed. If the result is false, the “action if false”
portion contains another set of instructions to
execute.

The instructions to be executed can return cell contents

that are labels as well as values.
 Logical Operators

• To perform conditional tests, logical operators are

required.

= Equal
< Less than
> Greater than
<= Less than or Equal to
>= Greater than or Equal to
<> Not Equal
 Logical Functions

And(logical1, logical2) Returns true if each

condition is true

Or(logical1, logical2) Returns true if either

condition is true

Not(logical) Returns true if the

condition is false

True() Always returns true

False() Always returns false

 Examples

=IF(A5>20, B5, 0) means that if the value in A5 is greater than

20, use the value in B5. Otherwise assign the number 0.

=IF(AND(B11<>0,G11=1),10,0) means that if the value in B11

is not equal to 0 and the value in G11 is equal to 1, assign
the number 10. Otherwise, assign the number 0.

=IF(OR(E13=“Profit”,F15>G15),”Surplus”,”Deficit”) means
that if either E13 contains the word “Profit” or the contents
of F15 are greater than or equal to the contents of G15,
assign the label “Surplus”. Otherwise, assign the label
“Deficit”.
 VLOOKUP Function
• Searches for a value in the leftmost column of a table,
and then returns a value in the same row from a
column you specify in the table. Use VLOOKUP
instead of HLOOKUP when your comparison values
are located in a column to the left of the data you want
to find.

Syntax:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,
col_index_num,range_lookup)

– If range_lookup is TRUE, the values in the first column of

table_array must be placed in ascending order: ..., -2, -1, 0, 1,
2, ..., A-Z, FALSE, TRUE; otherwise VLOOKUP may not give
the correct value. If range_lookup is FALSE, table_array does
not need to be sorted.
 VLOOKUP Function (cont’d)
• Example:

On the preceding worksheet, where the range A4:C12 is named

Range:

– VLOOKUP(1,Range,2) equals 2.17

– VLOOKUP(1,Range,3,TRUE) equals 100
– VLOOKUP(.746,Range,3,FALSE) equals 200
– VLOOKUP(0.1,Range,2,TRUE) equals #N/A, because 0.1 is less than the
smallest value in column A
– VLOOKUP(2,Range,2,TRUE) equals 1.71
Format Cells Command