DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ORDINARY ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NTA LEVEL 6

PROJECT TITLE: AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND

CONTROL SYSTEM
PROJECT TYPE: POBLEM SOLVING
STUDENT NAME: MSAFIRI MORIS MATHIAS
ADMISSION NUMER: 200611220563
CLASS: OD20-CST
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Presence of pollutant gas or toxic gases in environment can lead
some effects to human being such as difficult in breathing, inject
gases poison to human body, and health problem including cancer
and respiratory and cardiac diseases and also can cause death
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
MAIN OBJECTIVE
• the main objective of project is to designing the system which can
indicate the presence of pollutant gases in environment and remove
pollutant gas from environment in resulting in better environmental
condition for human resides.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Specific objective
• To implement power supply
• To implement sensing unit
• To implement comperating unit
• To implement switch unit
• To implement and test prototype which efficient with low cost
 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
• Air quality monitoring system can contribute well being of health to
the people due to its ability to control air quality
• Air quality monitoring system can contribute more profitability at the
working place because it lead supportive working place to the
workers
• Air quality monitoring system can contribute the working place in
meeting air quality standard devised by CPCB,WHO and OSHA such as
in hotel, campus canteen, hospital , industry and other related site
LITERATURE REVIEW
EXISTING SYSTEM
Air quality monitoring with LCD display
• this is existing system which use LCD display with arduino
Block diagram of this existing system
Circuit diagram of this existing system
EXISTING SYSTEM
Air quality monitoring with real time alert
• This is air quality system with indicating with real time alert by sing
buzzer with arduino as processing unit
Block diagram of this existing system
Circuit diagram of this existing system
EXISTING SYSTEM
Air quality monitoring with Wi-Fi module, buzzer and LCD display
• This is air quality monitoring with wi fi module ,buzzer, and LCD
display with arduino as controlling unit
Block diagram of existing system
Circuit diagram of this existing system
PROPOSED SYSTEM

• The proposed system will be as shown below

Block diagram of proposed system
Circuit diagram of proposed system
METHOD

This chapter explain the method and procedure that used to complete the project
objective
There approached step to be observed and analyzed are
• literature review
• data collection
• data analysis
• circuit designing
• circuit implementation
• testing
• prototype
• report writing
Literature review
• More information about project was read from different sources like
book , journals , book , website so as to understand the existing
system in detail ,including its circuit its block diagram and its function
and its drawback also help me to add some knowledge to my
project ,I had to know that previous system had limitation on only to
identify the presence of toxic gas that give me chance to implement
the system which will operate both indicating presence of toxic gas
and removing toxic gas from the environment for better human reside
Data collection
• Data was collected from different source also of component are
collected so as to achieve the specific objective .example of one
source is through different book and through internet website .data
was collected by using primary and secondary where by primary I was
able to achieve observe pollution of air produced in my surrounding
environment
Data analysis
• in this section show how different parameters used in this project .
this include whole process of determine each component value to
ensure proper value for better performance of the system .the
analysis which I made were useful toward the prototype
implementation since through calculation made prototype gave
desired result
System implementation and simulation
• In this section the system will be constructed using different
electronic component then the circuit will be simulated using
computed aided software like proteus and circuit maker
Testing the circuit
• This section can be done by comparing the result obtained in
simulation and those observed after operating the built system it
involve trouble shooting of the system circuit if there are any
technical error to work on it
prototype
• Prototype was made and I was able to obtain output as calculation
which made in previous section
Report writing
• The report was written so as to method and ways that the project will
be undergoing from the review to testing of prototype ,the after the
report will be prepared so as to give more detail on project
Data collection
there are two way of data collection
• primary data collection
• Secondary data collection
Primary data
These are the data collected from the research centers through
interviews, observation and quantitative data collection as well as
questionnaires. Then I was drawing the table and graph as shown below
with scale 1:2
Table list of question
QUESTIONNARE YES NO
Is there any air pollution occur due to combustion fuel on their 14 6
environment?

Is there any need to monitoring air quality system in their 16 2

environment?

18 4
Is there any effect of pollution of air to their dairy activity
Chart of questionnaire result
Chart Title
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

YES NO
SECONDARY DATA
• These data were collected from a proposed system (specifically the
circuit components) which will help more in implementing a proposed
system so as to provide solution to a problem.
circuit components
Component name quantity specification
comparator 1
555 timers 1
regulator 2 5v and12v regulators

Potential meter 2
resistor 4 temperature coef
350ppm/c
diode 1
Light emitting diode 1 Forward voltage
1.8v-2.4v
Transistor(NPN) 1
Polarized capacitor 4
Dc fans 1 Working voltage 12v
optocoupler 1
inverter 2
transformer 1 Frequency of 50Hz
Gas sensor 1 10-10000ppm
 List of tools required to implement a
system
TOOL QUANTITY
Soldering gun 1
Digital malt meter 1
Breadboard 1
Solder wire 1 roller
Printed circuit board 1
jumper
DATA ANALYSIS OF POWER SUPPLY
TRANSFORMER ANALYSIS

•
Power supply unit(Cont..)

•
Power supply unit(Cont..)
RECTIFIER ANALYSIS
A rectifier is an electrical device composed of one or more diodes that
converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Vp(sec)=Vsec (rms)×√2
=12V × √2
=16.26V
VP(out) = 16.26-1.4=15.57V
VP(out) = 14.86
FILTER ANALYSIS
The rectified voltage is not a filtered voltage; it nevertheless contains a
dc component and a ripple component. The purpose of filter was to
remove all ripple components and produce pure dc voltage

Where V is the peak secondary voltage of transformer =16.26V

IC is the transformer current =500mA
Power supply unit(Cont..)

•
Power supply unit(Cont..)

Regulator

The regulator provides the constant output voltage regardless of the change
of the input voltage. The AC input of 240V is applied to the step-down
transformer that step down to 12V. The regulator maintains the constant
output of 5V because this circuit needs the supply voltage of 5V DC for its
operation and 12v which used to operation of exhaust fans
SENSING UNIT ANALYSIS
• MQ7 sensor is gas sensor which used to detect the presence of
carbon monoxide
specification of MQ7 gas sensor
• Sensitivity : 20-200 ppm co
• Operating voltage :5v
• Response time :less than 10 second
• Dimensions : 32mm x 22mm x 27mm
POTENTIOMETER
REFERENCING POINT (POTENTIOMETER)
This is part of circuit which basically used to set adjustable sensitivity of
the MQ2 Gas sensor it means it calibrate at what amount of gas
detected it start the sensor to operate by compare signal from sensor
and from this potentiometer through the comparator (LM 741 opamp)
It supplied with 5v and ground pins of gas sensor, and the middle pin of
the potentiometer is connected analogy output pins of the sensor
Comperator
The comparator compares the signal if non inverting is greater, it
produces digitalized signal low and if inverting is grater the greater than
the comparator produces high digitalized signal.it use the LM741
opamp to operate this function
It use the LM741 which has specification
I.operating voltage 5v
Operating temperature range 0 to 70c
III.dimension 9.81mm ×6.35mmx4.57mm
555 TIMERS ANALYSIS
555 TIMER ANALYSIS
This part of circuit which used to trigger the
The 555 timer is a popular integrated circuit (IC) that can be used as a
timer, oscillator, and flip-flop. Here are the specifications for the NE555
timer in a bistable configuration:
• Supply voltage range: 4.5V DC to 18V DC
• Trigger voltage (Vtrig): 1/3 of supply voltage (Vcc) or less
• Threshold voltage (Vth): 2/3 of supply voltage (Vcc) or more
• Reset voltage (Vreset): 0.7V DC or less
SWITCHING UNIT ANALYSIS CONT…
• TRANSISTOR
This transistor used as the switch which used to allow current to flow
on the collector which will activate switching
This used in the switching unit and its calculation analysis shown below
OUTPUT CONTROL UNIT
• Light emitting diode(Led)
This used as indicating point that followed resistor of 220ohm which
used to allow voltage drop
This can help LED to be safe from heating by over voltage
Reason for using of Led on indicating
Extremely fast turn on/off times
Long life can last over 100000 hours if used rated specification
It does not contain breakable glass
No annoying flicker like fluorescent lamps
•
SIMULATED CIRCUIT
Conclusion and recommendation
• Conclusion
In accomplishing of this project an attempt was made to implement
problem solving system which will be used to indicating the presence of
carbon monoxide gas and removing the that gas especially in door
application such as in hotel kitchen,industry,home ,hospital and other
related site
• Recommendation
I would like to recommend on institute to take practical training into
consideration more on first year and second year this will help student to
be able on designing and implementing circuit effectively on project of
last year of study