FORMULATION AND

EVALUATION OF HERBAL
SOAP
BY SHANTAPPA KADAGANCHI
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF HOD AND PROFESSOR
Dr. S.B.SHIRSHAND (M Pharm, Ph.D )
CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Objectives
 Review of literature
 Methodology
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
Introduction

 Soap is a sodium Salt or potassium salt of long chain fatty acid having cleansing
action In water.
 They are used in cleaning dirt, oils from skin and clothes .
 In this work Herbal soaps are prepared by using Herbal products such as Neem and
aloe-vera
 Neem has antimicrobial properties, Anti-inflammatory agent, anti-oxidant and
Aloe-vera has cleansing properties ,Anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-aging, etc
Introduction

 A soap is the Sodium Or potassium salt of fatty acids Containing 15-18 carbon atoms
Ex:- palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc

 Oil or fats Like palm oil, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, etc. When treaded with sodium
Hydroxide Solution , these oils/ fats gets converted into sodium Salt of fatty acid (Soap)
and glycerine And this reaction is called as saponification.
Introduction

Properties herbal soap;-

1. The soap must be dissolved in water and should produce enough foam.
2. The Soap should gives good odor.
3. It should remove dirt, pollutants, microbes etc from skin.
4. The expients used in the formulation should be stable during formulation and usage.
5. The herbal Soap containing Neem should protect the skin from microbal infection and its
spreading.
Introduction

 Uses:-
1. Used as moisturizer.
2. Used to protect from harmful UV-rays.
3. Used as cleansing agent.
4. Helps in maintaining personal hygiene .
5. Used to prevent microbial infection or prevents spread of microbial infection.
6. Used as skin lighting agent.
Objectives

Need for study:-

 Most of the commercial soap uses different types chemicals or drugs to attain specific
applications like antimicrobial Agent, anti-oxidant agent, moisturizring agent, etc
 To formulate such soap pharmaceutical industry adopt various chemicals which may
produce toxic effect to skin Like skin irritation , Rashes, skin redness.
 In herbal soap we use herbal products they are non-toxic or less toxic and inexpensive .
 Herbal soaps fulfilled with different properties such as anti-aging, anti-
inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, anti-bacterial.

 Neem ,it is mainly used for its antimicrobial properties and it also has antioxidant, anti-
aging, anti-acne .

 Aloe-Vera , it’s mainly used for moisturizering property and it also have anti-aging, anti-
inflammatory, anti-wrinkle and wound healing.
1. Therefore in the present study an attempt was made to prepare and evaluate Herbal soaps
containing aloe-Vera gel and neem oil.
2. To prepare herbal soaps by cold process method
3. To evaluate prepared herbal soap formulation for pH, foam height, foam retention,
alcohol insoluble matter etc.
4. To compare prepared herbal soap formulation with marketed herbal soap.
Review of literature

 Muhammad S R & Abubakar sani (2020) have researched and prepared antiseptic Tablet
Aloe Vera soap. This research work aimed to show some phytochemical constituents
present in Aloe Vera based antiseptic soap. The soap was produced using hot process and
antimicrobial activity was performed against staphylococcus Aarons, Escherichia coli and
candida albicans using the method of agar well diffusion. The results of a Investigation
showed that aloe Vera based soap had possessed antimicrobial activity against the tested
microorganisms due to presence of confirmed photo constituents.
 Ashlesh Ghanwatetal( 2020) have formulated and evaluated herbal soap and hand
sanitizer using the leaf and bark extract of Neem . This study was conducted to evaluate
the effect of aqueous ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracted from neem leaves. Herbal soap
ingredients were used reetha , neem, shikakai & tulsi in which neem leaf and seed were
found effective against some dermatophytes.
 Satish kumar Sharma and suruchi singh (2020) formulated and evaluated antimicrobial
herbal soap. The aim of this study was to formulate an herbal hand-wash using leave
extract of neem by disc diffusion process, the antibiotic activity against skin pathogen
was evaluated and results were compared with commercial antimicrobial hand-
wash .These plant extract can be used for formulating herbal hand-wash to prevent hand
borne microbial infections.
 Upadhyay Ajay et al (2021) have formulated & evaluated aloe-vera herbal soap which is
used in prevention and treatment of various skin problems It involves various health
benefits such as wound healing, treating burns, minimizing front bite damage. The aloe-
vera gel contains 99% water and rest is made of glucomannans, amino acids, lipids,
sterols and vitamins. It is used to cure several skin diseases such as acne.
 Dr. A. Seetha Devi et al (2021) have designed & evaluated antimicrobial Herbal Soap
using herbal plant extracts and their oils were found to have antibacterial activity . The
aim of this objective is to present study of antibacterial herbal soap using Neem. It is done
through cold process method. The formulation have an aromatic odour and had a good
appearance. as well as pH was found to be in range of 7.0 - 7.3.
Methodology

FORMULATION ;- AF1
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP CONTAINING ALOE-VERA
 Procedure ;-
1. Formulation F1 soap was prepared by taking coconut oil in 500ml beaker. It was placed
on the water bath and heated to 70 ˚C .
2. After that sodium hydroxide was weighed and dissolved in distilled water .
3. Sodium hydroxide solution was heated to 70 ˚C and added to coconut oil which was
maintained at the same temperature.
4. mixture was stirred slowly and removed from the water bath after the mixture was
thickened
5. Then add aloe-Vera and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) , coloring agent were added to the
above-thickened mixture.
6. All the contents were stirred properly (vigorous stirring was avoided to reduce foam
formation in the mixture) to get a uniform soap mixture.
7. Finally, the soap mixture was poured into soap moulds. The moulds were kept aside for 3-
4 days for the solidification of soap.
 FORMULATION-AF2
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP CONTAINING ALOE VERA
 PROCEDURE ;-
1. F2 soap base was prepared by taking sodium hydroxide and dissolved in distilled water
and the solution was heated to 70 ˚C.
2. In another beaker propylene glycol, glycerine, ethanol, and SLS were taken into 250 ml
beaker and heat the mixture Formulation to 70 ˚C.
3. Once this heat is attained steric acid was added and heated to 70 ˚C and slowly added the
lye solution with stirring until the mixture becomes Transparenet.
4. Further required quantity of Aloe-Vera gel and coloring agent were mixed to the above
mixture , and volume was made Up to 100 ml by adding distilled water.
5. The solution was kept undisturbed for 1hr at 70 ˚C and few drops of essential oil
( jasmine oil) was added slowly to the prepared soap and after 1 hr ,triethanolamine
(TEA) was added slowly and the soap solution was cooled and finally, the soap mixture
was poured into the moulds.
6. The moulds were kept aside for 3-4 days for solidification.
 FORMULATION :- AF3
PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP CONTAINING ALOE-VERA
 PROCEDURE;-
1. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) pellets was dissolved in distilled water (250 ml beaker) then
was put aside to let them cool down (27-38°C).
2. After the NaOH solution (lye) has cooled sufficiently, the mixture of oil and water in a
500 ml beaker was heated to 82°C on hot plate. Oil globules that forms were remain
suspended in the water until the next step.
3. Heating process was stopped, and then the lye solution was drizzled ( pour slowly) into
the mixture of oil and water and gently stirred to blend.
 4. The beaker was placed back on hot plate and was set on to medium heating until the
temperature of the mixture creep back up towards 82°C. Then it was stirred continuously but
gentle to create the uniform mixture.
5. Initially the mixture looks like water shimmering with unsaponifiable oil, but after 10-15
minutes, it gradually become thick and uniform. Temperature of the soap was monitored so it
was not exceed 82°C or fall below 71°C; then the beaker the heat occasionally and returned
to the hot plate as needed.
6. pour the mixture into suitable soap mould and cover it. It was placed aside for 18-24 hr
for solidification`
 FORMULATION;- NF1
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP CONTAINING NEEM OIL
 PROCEDURE:-
1. Formulation F1 soap was prepared by taking coconut oil in 500ml of the beaker. It was
placed on the water bath & heated to 70 ˚C.
2. After that sodium hydroxide was weighed and dissolved in distilled water.
3. Sodium hydroxide or Lye solution was heated to 70 ˚C & added to coconut oil which was
maintained at the same temperature.
4. The mixture was stirred slowly and removed from the water bath after the mixture was
thickened.
5. Required quantity of neem oil and jasmine oil, and SLS, and coloring agent were added to
the above thickened mixture.
6. All the contents were stirred properly (vigorous stirring was avoided to reduce foam
formation in the mixture) to get a uniform soap mixture.
7. Finally, the soap mixture was poured into soap moulds . The moulds were kept aside for
3-4 days for the solidification of soap.
 FORMULATION ;- NF2
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP CONTAINING NEEM OIL
 PROCEDURE:-
1. Formulation F2 soap base was prepared by taking sodium hydroxide and dissolved in
distilled water and the solution was heated to 70 ˚C.
2. In another beaker Propylene glycol, glycerine, ethanol, and SLS were taken into 250ml
beaker on the hot plate with a stir bar and heated the mixture to 60°C.
3. Once this heat is attained Stearic acid was added and heated to 68°C and slowly added
the lye solution with stirring until the mixture becomes transparent
4. Further required quantity of neem oil and coloring agent were mixed to the above mixture,
and volume was made up to required quantity by adding distilled water.
5. The solution was kept undisturbed for a 1 hour at 68°C and a few drops of essential oil
( jasmine oil) was also added to impart aroma to the prepared soap and after 1 hour ,
Triethanolamine (TEA) was added slowly and the soap solution was cooled to 62-64°C and
finally, the soap mixture was poured into circular moulds.
6. The moulds were kept aside for 3-4 days for the solidification of soap.
 FORMULATION;- NF3
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP CONTAINING NEEM OIL
 PROCEDURE;-
1. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) pellets was dissolved in distilled water (250 ml beaker) then
was put aside to let them cool down (27-38°C).
2. After the NaOH solution (lye) has cooled sufficiently, the mixture of oil and water in a
500 ml beaker was heated to 82°C on hot plate. Oil globules that forms were remain
suspended in the water until the next step.
3. Heating process was stopped, and then the lye solution was drizzled ( pour slowly) into
the mixture of oil and water and gently stirred to blend.
4. The beaker was placed back on hot plate and was set on to medium heating until the
temperature of the mixture creep back up towards 82°C. Then it was stirred continuously but
gentle to create the uniform mixture
5. Initially the mixture looks like water shimmering with unsaponifiable oil, but after 10-15
minutes, it gradually become thick and uniform. Temperature of the soap was monitored so it
was not exceed 82°C or fall below 71°C; then the beaker was removed from the heat
occasionally and returned to the hot plate as needed.
6. Pour the mixture into soap mould and cover it. It was placed aside for 18-24 hours for
saponification.
Results :
1) Evaluation results of aloe-vera soap
PARAMETERS AF1 AF2 AF3 MARKETED
SOAP
Color
odor
appearance good best good best
size 6.1cm x 0.8cm 6.1cm x 0.8cm 6.1cm x 0.8cm 8.3cm x 2.2cm

Shape Round Round Round Oval

Foam height 6.4±0.5 cm 8.3±0.5 cm 3.2±0.3 m 8.8±0.45 cm
F. retention 4.1±0.36 cm 5.5±0.26 cm 3.2± 0.26cm 6.2±0.5 cm
pH 8.1±0.4 8.3±0.36 9.2±0.34 9.3±0.79
Alcohol insoluble 11.2±0.26% 16.4±0.52% 12.4±0.45% 17.2±0.78%
matter
Results :
1) Evaluation results of Neem soap
PARAMETERS NF1 NF2 NF3 MARKETED
SOAP
Color
odor
appearance good best good best
size 6.1cm x 0.8cm 6.1cm x 0.8cm 6.1cm x 0.8cm 8.3cm x 2.2cm

Shape Round Round Round Oval

Foam height 4.2±0.36 cm 5.8±0.95 cm 2.5±0.26 cm 8.1±0.35 cm
F. retention 3.2±0.4cm 4.8±0.95 cm 2.7± 0.55cm 5.5±0.36 cm
pH 7.9±0.5 8.4±0.7 9.2±0.95 9.2±0.36
Alcohol insoluble 13.6±0.2% 15.2±0.45% 10.7±0.5% 16.5±0.36 %
matter
Discussion

 In the present work herbal soaps were prepared using Aloe-vera and neem herbal soap
having medicinal properties like anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-
oxidants, anti-septic.
 For the preparation of aloe-vera soap, Aloe barbendesis miller(aloe vera leaves) extract
were used where as in neem soap preparation Azadirachita indica extract (neem leaves)
were used.
 The Aloe-vera and Neem soaps are formulated by cold process method. The
physicochemical parameters such as color, odor, appearance ,pH, alcohol insoluble
matter were evaluated. Foam height, foam retention are the main evaluation parameters
of soap. All the formulations exhibited good Physical characterstics.
 Evaluation parameters such as Foam height, Foam retention, Alcohol insoluble matter the
all the formulations were compared with the marketed soap, on comparing we can
conclude that the formulation AF2 and NF2 containing stearic acid and propylene
glycol was found to be promising as compared to formulation AF1 and NF1 containing
coconut oil and SLS and formulation AF3 and NF3 containing coconut oil.
 Alcohol insoluble matter-15.2% respectively) best results as compared with NF 1 and NF3
formulations.
 Hence from above results we can conclude that AF 2 and NF2 formulations has found to
be promising formulations compared to other formulations.
Conclusion

1. In the present work aloe-vera soap and neem soap were prepared by cold process method.
2. In cold process method aloe-vera extract and neem oil were used . All the prepared soaps
were subjected to physicochemical parameters such as color, odor, pH ,size , foam height ,
foam retention, alcohol insoluble matter and were compared to the marketed soap.
❖ Based on the above studies , following conditions can be drawn:
Aloe Vera soap and neem soap were prepared by cold process method.
 The prepared formulations showed good physical characteristics.
 The Foam height of the promising formulations were found to be in the range of 5cm – 9
cm.
 The Foam retention of the promising formulations were found to be in the range of 4.5min
- 6.5min.
 The pH of the promising formulations were found to be in the range of 7 - 9.
 The Alcohol insoluble matter of the promising formulations were found to be in the range
of 16 – 18%.
 Among the six formulations , the formulation AF2 ( containing aloe vera , stearic acid
and propylene glycol) & NF2 ( containing neem oil , stearic acid and propylene glycol)
has shown nearer values as were found to be promising and compared with the marketed
soap.
 The promising formulations have displayed good foam height, foam retention, which
indicates better and faster foaming ability.
 Based on the above study, by the results and literature survey, it can be concluded that the
aloe vera soap and neem oil soap have antibacterial activity.
 Based on the study, it can be concluded that herbal products can be effectively formulated
in the form of medicated herbal soaps by using cold process technique with excellent skin
moisturizing properties.
thank
you