Chronic venous congestion of

Liver, Lung and Spleen

Hemodynamic disorders

Disturbances in volume of circulating blood

• Hyperaemia, congestion, haemorrhage and shock.
Obstructive Circulating disturbances
• Thrombosis, embolism and infarction
 Hyperaemia and Congestion

 Hyperaemia and congestion are the terms used for

localized increase in the volume of blood within dilated
vessels of an organ or tissue.
 Chronic Venous Congestion

 The dilations of veins and capillaries due to impaired venous

drainage results in venous congestion.
 Congestion may be acute or chronic, the latter being more common
and is called chronic venous congestion (CVC)
 Chronic Venous Congestion

 Types:
 Local venous congestion
 Systemic venous congestion
 CHRONIC VENOUS
CONGESTION OF LIVER

-Sanjana Jagadeesha, Sanskriti, Sanjana G

Chronic venous congestion of liver

 Aetiology
 Pathogenesis
 Gross features
 Microscopic features
Aetiology of CVC Liver

 All forms of heart disease (congenital or acquired) are linked to

passive hepatic congestion.
 Most common causes of passive hepatic congestion
 Congestive heart failure
 Restrictive cardiomyopathy or Constrictive pericarditis
 right-sided valvular disease involving the tricuspid or pulmonary
valve
 pulmonary-related right heart failure
Pathogenesis of CVC of liver
Gross features of CVC liver

 Liver is enlarged and firm in consistency. Cut section shows

alternating red areas representing congested and dilated hepatic
vein and paler areas of fatty change giving the appearance of
Nutmeg kernel.
Microscopic features of CVC liver
 Dilated and congested hepatic venules with centrilobular haemorrhagic
necrosis of hepatocytes.
 Periphery shows fatty change in hepatocytes
 Hepatocytes adjacent to portal triad are normal.
 Later fibrosis may develop and condition is called as “Cardiac Cirrhosis”
 CHRONIC
VENOUS
CON GESTION
LUNGS

M a d e B y - S a n ja n a Ya d w a d , S a n s k riti S a h a & S a m a rth

 INTRODUCTION

Chronic Venous Congestion Lungs

is a condition where the veins in the llungs
become congested due to a variety of causes. This
results in poor oxygenation of the bllood and can
cause shortness of breath,, coughing,, and other
respiratory symptoms. The condition can be
managed with a variety of treatments,, inclluding
medication and llife stylle changes..
 CAUSES
Chronic venous congestion lungs can be caused by
a variety off factors,, including heart failure,
pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Other possible causes
include blood clots in the lungs and lung
infections. Identifying the underlying cause is
important for effective treatment.
 GROSS FEATURES
The llungs are heavy..
Lungs appear brown- Brown induration of
lungs
MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

Rupture of congested vessel results in edema

and haemorrhage..
The alveolar septa appears thickened and
fibrotic.
The alveoli are dilated and contain edema fluid
and RBCs and M acrophages..
Lysis of RBCs release Hemosiderin pigment
which is taken up by macrophages in the
allveolli - Heart Faillure Celllls
CVC OF SPLEEN

BY
SHAMITHA
IRFAN
SHAMANTH
Topics covered
ETIOLOGY OF SPLEEN

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
Etiology of Spleen

CAUSES
1. Right Heart Failure
2. Potral Hypertenion (due to liver cirrhosis)
The spleen in early stage is slightly to moderately
enlarged upto 250gm(normal is 150gms) later
might undergo progressive enlargement and
weight upto 500-1000 gms ,the capsule is
slightly thickened ,deeply congested , tense,
cyanotic and has a grey tan appearance

GROSS FEATURES
 MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

 Red pulp is enlarged due to congestion and marked sinusoidal dilation and there are
areas of recent and old hemorrhages. Sinusoids may get converted into cappilaries .
 There is hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial cells in the red pulp of spleen.
 There is fibrous thickening of capsule and of the trabeculae.
 Some heamorrhages overlying fibrous tissue get deposits of heamosiderin pigment
anf calcium salts termed as Gamna Gandy bodies or sideofibrotic nodules.
 Firmness of spleen is seen in more advanced stage most commonly in hepatic
cirrhosis and is the commonest cause of hypersplenism.
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