INTRODUCTION TO

MASS COMMUNICATION
Aroosa Altaf
 Attendance and Plagiarism policy

Attendance Policy:
◦ 75% Plagiarism Policy:
◦ Do NOT lie ◦ What is it?
◦ No Exam: Course Repetition ◦ Less than 20%
◦ Self/Peer Plagiarism
 Lecture 1
Communication process and types
 Why is Mass Communication Relevant to you?

WHAT DOES MASS PSYCHOLOGY VS. INVOLVE PARTIES ARE SPEAKING

COMMUNICATION INCLUDE? COMMUNICATION “A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE”
DEPENDING ON THEIR LEVEL OF
DIRECTNESS, ASSERTIVENESS, AND
COMPASSION
◦ Effective communication conveys the right
information, enables others to know an
individual's feelings and meanings, expresses
a kind attitude.

◦ Communication involves interrelationships

among people; requires that people acquire a
shared understanding of what particular
sounds, words, signs, and gestures represent
and is the means through which people
influence others and are in turn influenced by
others
Communication
◦ Latin word communis = COMMON
 “A sending, giving or exchanging of information, ideas etc.”
“The imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, (whether by speech, writing or signs)”-
Oxford English Dictionary
The act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another.
Three parts of communication
The sender

The message

The receiver/recipient
The communication process
Communication Process
The communication process is a dynamic and complex series of steps that occur when people exchange
information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings. It involves a sender, a message, a medium or channel, a receiver,
and feedback. Here are the key components and steps of the communication process:
Sender
Ideas
Encoding
Communication Channel
Receiver
Decoding
Feedback
Sender:

The sender, also known as the communicator or source, initiates the communication process.
They have a message or information they want to convey to the receiver.
The sender encodes the message into a form that can be transmitted to the receiver, such as spoken
words, written text, body language, or visual cues.
Message and Encoding
The message is the content or information that the
sender wishes to communicate. It can take various
forms, including verbal, written, visual, or
nonverbal cues. The clarity and effectiveness of
the message are crucial for successful
communication.
Encoding refers to the process of converting
thoughts, ideas, or feelings into a format
that can be transmitted through a chosen
communication channel. It involves
selecting words, symbols, or gestures that
the sender believes will effectively convey
the intended meaning.
Channel or Medium and Receiver
The channel or medium is the means through
which the message is transmitted from the
sender to the receiver. Communication channels
can be verbal (spoken language), written (text
messages, emails), visual (charts, graphs,
videos), nonverbal (body language, facial
expressions), or a combination of these.
The receiver is the individual or audience for
whom the message is intended. They
decode the message by interpreting the
words, symbols, or gestures used by the
sender. The receiver's understanding of the
message may be influenced by their
perceptions, background, beliefs, and
context
Decoding and Feedback
Decoding is the process by which the receiver
interprets and comprehends the message. It
involves extracting meaning from the symbols or
information received and trying to understand the
sender's intended message.
Feedback is a crucial element in the
communication process. It consists of the
receiver's response or reaction to the
sender's message. Feedback can be verbal
or nonverbal and serves to confirm whether
the message was received, understood, and
how it was interpreted by the receiver.
Noise and Context
The context of communication includes the
situational, cultural, and environmental
factors that surround the communication
exchange. Context can significantly
Noise refers to any interference or barriers that influence how the message is interpreted
can disrupt the communication process and and understood.
affect the accuracy of message transmission.
Noise can be external (e.g., background noise,
distractions) or internal (e.g., personal biases,
language barriers).
Effect:
The ultimate goal of the communication process is to achieve a desired effect or outcome. This effect can
vary depending on the purpose of the communication, such as informing, persuading, entertaining, or building
relationships.

Successful communication occurs when the message sent by the sender is accurately received and
understood by the receiver, with minimal interference from noise or barriers. Effective communicators pay
attention to the clarity of their message, the choice of communication channel, the receiver's perspective, and
the feedback received to ensure their message is well-received and achieves its intended purpose.
Barriers to communication
 Language barriers (e.g., Punjabi vs. Gilgiti)
 Psychological barriers (e.g., Stress and Anger)
 Physiological barriers (e.g., reduced hearing/Deaf)
 Physical barriers
 Systematic barriers
 Attitudinal barriers (e.g., poor management,
resistance to change or a lack of motivation)