e n t s a n d

Instrum i n
u s e d
Methods
me a s u r in g
a ns p ir a tion
E va potr

G ro u p 1
Evapotranspiration
 TYPES OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Actual Evapotranspiration
The evapotranspiration under actual field conditions is known as actual evapotranspiration.
AET = f (Soil, plant, weather)

Potential Evapotranspiration
It is defined as the amount of water transpired in given time by short green crop,
completely shading the ground of uniform short height and with adequate water status in
soil profile. - Panman (1948)

Reference Evapotranspiration
It is defined as the rate of evapotranspiration from an extensive surface of 8 to 15 cm tall
green cover of uniform height, actively growing, completely shading the ground and not
short of water
Instruments used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Atmometer
 a.k.a. evaporimeter, evaporometer

 A scientific instrument used for

measuring the rate of evaporation
of water into the atmosphere.
Instruments used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Potometer
 a.k.a. transpirometer

 The device used to measure the

transpiration rate in plants.
Instruments used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Phytometer
 A device (similar to a potometer)

 A sealed container with soil and

one or more plants, allowing water
to escape only through plant
transpiration.
Instruments used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Lysimeter
 A measuring tool utilized to
quantify the actual amount of water
released by plants (typically crops
or trees) through
evapotranspiration.
Instruments used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Sonic Anemometer
 A device that measures vertical
wind speed and gas concentrations,
including water vapor, at a fixed
height above the surface.
Instruments used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Infrared Gas Analyzer

 An instrument that measures
trace gases (such as water vapor)
by assessing the absorption of
infrared light emitted through a
specific air sample..
 Methods of measuring evapotranspiration

Direct Method Indirect Method

Measures evapotranspiration through the Estimates evapotranspiration by measuring
amount of water lost. other related factors.

1. Lysimeter Studies
1. Bowen Ratio
2. Eddy Covariance
3. Field Experimental Plots 2. Blaney-Criddle
4. Water Balance Method
3. Thornthwaite
5. Soil Moisture Depletion
Studies 4. Energy Balance
5. Penman-Monteith
6. Priestley-Taylor
7. Hargreaves-Samani
 o d s o f meas u r i ng
Direct Meth
v ap o t r an s p i r at i on
e
ie s
Lysimeter Stud
e
Eddy covarianc
ntal Plots
Field Experime

Water Balance

oistur e de p le tion studies

Soil m
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Lysimeter Studies
 The method involves the growing of crops in large containers
(lysimeters) and measuring their water loss and gains.
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Eddy Covariance
 The method measures the exchange
of gases, including water vapor,
between the earth's surface and the
atmosphere using high-frequency
measurements of wind velocity and
gas concentration
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Field Experimental Plots

 Most suitable for determination of

seasonal water requirements.
 This method involves setting up
experiments in the field to measure
evapotranspiration.
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Water Balance Method

 a.k.a. Inflow-Outflow Method
 It involves quantifying the water applied
to a field and the water lost through
evapotranspiration. The difference
between the amounts provides an
estimate of evapotranspiration

 Lysimeters are used to measure the

water application
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Soil Moisture Depletion Studies

 Involve in measuring the change in soil

moisture content over time to estimate
evapotranspiration

 In this method soil moisture measurements

are done before and after each irrigation
application.
Indirect Method
s of
measuring
evapotranspirat
1. Bowen Ratio
i on
2. Blaney-Cridd
le
3. Thornthwaite
4. Energy Balan
ce
5. Penman-Mon
teith
6. Priestley-Tay
lor
7. Hargreaves-S
amani
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Bowen Ratio Method

 Estimates evapotranspiration by measuring
temperature and humidity differences between
the Earth's surface and the atmosphere

 Used when solar radiation and wind speed, are

not available.
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Blaney-Criddle Method
 Is a straightforward approach for estimating
reference crop evapotranspiration

 Used when only temperature data is

available.
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Thornthwaite Method
 A method Developed by Charles Warren
Thornthwaite in 1948 to estimate potential
evapotranspiration.

 Estimates potential evapotranspiration (PET)

based on temperature data only.
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Energy Balance Method

 Evapotranspiration, otherwise referred to as the
latent heat flux is calculated as the residual term
in the general energy balance equation
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Penman-Monteith Method
 The method used for determining reference crop
water consumption depending on the daily
weather data
 Requires detailed climatological data than the
other methods.
 Provides accurate estimates of reference crop
evapotranspiration (Eto)
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Priestley–Taylor Method
 A Method that allows calculations of
evapotranspiration under conditions where soil
water supply limits evapotranspiration.
 Used when detailed meteorological
measurements are not available.
Methods used in measuring Evapotranspiration

Hargreaves-Samani Method
 a.k.a. Hargreaves Evapotranspiration Equation

 A method used for estimating reference crop

evapotranspiration (ET0) based on temperature
data
 Used when insufficient meteorological data are
available for the Penman-Monteith Method.
 Than k you!
Group 1 - Members:
1. Czyrra Lyn Falogme
2. Audrey Shane Marino
3. Kenneth Khim Merez
4. Jackelyn Manalon
5. Judy Ann Peralta
6. Leigh Clarms Albrecht Mutia