ARTIFICIAL HEART VALVE

NAME: JAY VORA

ENROLLNMENT NUMBER: 210130103017
NAME: PREM TAJPARIYA
ENROLLNMENT NUMBER: 210130103022
  What is it?

• An artificial heart valve is a device which is implanted in the heart of patient

with valvular heart disease.
• When one of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to
replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. This requires open heart surgery.
• Natural heart valves are perform the functional requirement of inducing
unidirectional blood flow through the valve structure from one chamber of the
heart to another.
• Natural heart valves become dysfunctional for a variety of pathological causes.
Some pathologies may require complete surgical replacement of the natural heart
valve with a heart valve prosthesis.
  Need of artificial heart valves

• When the heart is stop working the natural heart valve is replaced by artificial
heart valve.
• Heart valve diseases fall into two categories :-
1. Stenosis
2. Incompetence.
  Types of Artificial heart valve

• There are mainly two types of artificial heart valve is available.

1 Mechanical heart valve
2 Tissue(Biological) heart valve
• Mechanical heart valve is divided into three part.
a) Caged ball b)Tilting disk c)Bileaflet
• Biological heart valve that are used from animals to implant them to back
into humans.
  Mechanical heart valves
• All the types of mechanical heart
valves are still In use today.
• Usually made of titanium or carbon
which make them strong and very
durable.
• Three types of mechanical heart valve
 Cont…
Click icon to add picture

An accelerated test for mechanical heart valve

actually suggested that it could last for 50,000
years.
a) Ball and Cage: The ball pushes against the
cage when the pressure of the heart chamber
exceeds the pressure outside letting blood
flow. Pressure drop when heart contracts and
makes a seal.
 Cont…
b) Tilting disk: Single disc controlled by a Click icon to add picture
metal strut, opens and closes when blood is
pumped through.

c) Bileaflet: Two semi circular leaflet rotate

around the housing. Has more natural blood
flow then the other mechanical heart valve.
  Tissue heart valve(Biological valve)
• Using valves from other animals.
• The porcine valve of the pig is the most comparable
valve to a human.
• Xenotransplantation
• Pericardial valves: Biological valve tissue can be
take from a cow or horses pericardial sac and be
sewed to a metal frame.
• Most of the united states and Europe use the tissue
valve. Porcine valves have been used in
replacement surgery for over 20 years.
  Advantages
• Mechanical heart valves: The biggest advantage is durability. While the
tissue heart valve are estimated to last about 10 to 15 years, a mechanical
heart valve last 30 years.
• Tissue heart valves: There is minimal transvalvular pressure gradient, self
repairing.
• Does not require anticoagulant drug.
  Disadvantage

• Mechanical heart valve: In order to decrease the risk of blood clotting, the patient
must take blood tinners. Some patients can hear their mechanical heart valve open
and close.
• Tissue heart valve: Wear, there is small possibility that the body will reject valve,
in ability to implant them into infants and children.
  Implanting
• Both mechanical and tissue heart valve required open heart valve surgery.
• It’s more common in tissue valve for reoperation.
• Complete recovery from surgery could be couple of weeks to several
months.
• Currently 55% Mechanical valve
45% Tissue valve
THANK YOU!