CHAPTER FIVE:

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT, TRAFFIC ECOLOGY, AND TRAFFIC ECONOMY

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:
1. Define Traffic Enforcement;
2. Identify the Goal of Traffic Enforcement;
3. Explain the types of Traffic Enforcement Techniques;
4. Describe the Functions of Traffic Enforcements;
5. Differentiate the three kinds of Enforcement Action;
6. Explain and appreciate the importance of Traffic Enforcement
Patrol;
7. Describe the different types of Traffic Patrol;
8. Define Traffic Ecology;
9. Explain the relationship between Traffic and Urbanization;
10. Determine the Environmental Effects of Traffic
What is Traffic Enforcement? Goals of Traffic Enforcement
Traffic Enforcement is designed generally to promote public
Traffic Enforcement is the action taken by the police, such as safety by stopping a violation, reducing crashes, and enhancing
arresting, issuing traffic citation ticket, and giving warning to public enjoyment. At the same time, it deters other drivers from
the erring drivers for the purpose of deterring and discouraging committing an infraction and historically changes behavior of
and/or to prevent such violation. the ticketed driver and onlookers. It goals are
1. To increase safety level;
This is a process of policing the entire traffic system 2. To increase traffic efficiency; and
with a view to arresting and punishing violators of
traffic rules and regulations. It involves the 3. To ensure a harmonious and comfortable environment.
enactment of traffic legislations, penalties such as
fines, and establishment of different mechanisms for
In order to attain the goals of traffic enforcement are the
the enforcement.
three activities that they are implementing
Enforcement of Traffic Legislation is the area of
activity aimed to control road user's behavior by 1. Preventive Activities - This includes preventive
preventive, persuasive and punitive methods in order patrols, directing, supervising traffic, investigating
to effect the safe and efficient movement of traffic accidents and eliminating road hazards.

2. Persuasive Activities - such as oral, written warning or

visible patrols.

3. Punitive Activities - normally dealt with by the

courts, police or traffic authorities.
 Major Elements in the Traffic Enforcement
System
The enforcement of traffic laws is a complex process, it
has many procedures and methods of enforcement, and
methods in testing its results. Here is the major elements Functions of Traffic
of traffic enforcement system Enforcements
1. Police Traffic Law Enforcement
Enforcement
Systems
This consists of the legislation, police, court and penalties. Legislation defines and specifies The part of traffic enforcement performed by the police and other agencies with police power including
correct (or incorrect) road user behavior. The police, court and to a lesser extent traffic deterrent to law violation created by the presence of uniformed police officers and their special
authorities are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that these laws are adhered to. equipment, special assistance to court and prosecutors and incidental service to highway users (PNP,

Preventive persuasive and punitive techniques are used to induce compliance with 2009, p. 35).
2. Court Traffic Law Enforcement
Road Users
legislation
It is the part of traffic law enforcement performed by the court by adjudication and
This refers to different people who make use of the road, with any known mode of transportation at a
penalization (PNP, 2009, p. 35).
particular point in time e.g pedestrians, drivers, riders, pillion riders, and/or commuters (Ajala, 2016,
p.10). The road users system can be defined in term of knowledge, skill, attitude and characteristics,
3. Police Court Enforcement Process
such as age, sex, health, road experience, etc. These factors affect road user behavior which is
This involves five (5) essential steps which the police provide varying responsibilities and influences (PNP, 2009, p. 35).
controlled favorably by the enforcement system
Traffic System 1. Detection- it is the responsibility of the police to look for defects in the behavior of motorists,
pedestrians, vehicles, equipment and roadway This requires knowledge on law on the part of the police
This pertains to the entire road and vehicle complex.
(PNP, 2009, p. 35).

2. Apprehension- A responsibility of the police to take action at once to prevent continued and future
violation (PNP, 2009, p. 35).

The road user exhibits certain behavioral patterns which lead to
inefficiencies in the traffic system. These inefficiencies can be
measured in terms of congested flow and accidents.
3. Prosecution- While this is a court function, the police also provide support and assistance through
preparation and introduction of evidence or close contact with the prosecution officer (PNP, 2009, p. 35).
4. Adjudication - While this is a court function, the police also provide support and assistance on this
step by acting as a witness to the prosecution or supplying additional evidence. This step determines
the guilt or innocence of the accused (PNP, 2009, p. 35).

5. Penalization While the court imposes the penalty upon the accused. The penalty is greatly influenced
by previous records of conviction as provided by the police (PNP, 2009, p. 35).
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