Our

lesson HEATING
for COOLING
today: CURVE
GIRLS'
MATTER
of a substance
RECAP
 OBJECTIVES
Construct and interpret a heating curve
1 for water

Construct heating and cooling curves of a

2 pure substance using experimental data

ANSWER
ME!
 QUESTION 1

What do you call the merged single

phase beyond the temperature of the
critical point?
 ANSWER 1

Supercritical fluid
 QUESTION 2

It is a graphical representation of the

physical states of a substance under
different conditions of temperature and
pressure
 ANSWER 2

Phase Diagram
 QUESTION 3

They can be found in the

phase diagram by drawing a
line across pressure at 1 atm
 ANSWER 3

Normal Melting and

Boiling Point
 QUESTION 4

Why does phase

change occur?
 ANSWER 4

It occurs when energy (usually in

the form of heat) is added or
removed from a substance.
 QUESTION 5

What are the units of

temperature and pressure
used in a phase diagram ?
 ANSWER 5

For Temperature:
Celcius and kelvin
For Pressure:
atm(atmosphere)
 QUESTION 6

For water, which process

takes the longest to occur?
 ANSWER 6

Boiling
 QUESTION 7

It is the transition phase

from gas to liquid
 ANSWER 7

Condensation
GREAT
JOB!
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

In your own words, what

is Phase Change?
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Phase Change
Phase changes are transformations of matter from one
physical state to another. They occur when energy
(usually in the form of heat) is added or removed from a
substance.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Phase
Change
Diagram
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Heating Curve
A heating curve represents the changes in temperature and
phase transitions that occur as a substance is heated. The
heating curve is a graphical representation of the correlation
between heat input and the temperature of a substance.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

PARTS OF A HEATING CURVE

HORIZONTAL
LINE/PLATEAU:
PHASE CHANGES GAS
BC - MELTING
DE - VAPORIZATION

LIQUID
SLOPE:
DIFFERENT STATES
(SOLID, LIQUID, SOLID

GAS)
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Heating Curve of Water (H20)

Solid Phase (Ice) to Liquid Phase (Water): Initially, when ice is
heated, its temperature rises until it reaches its melting point at 0°C
(32°F). During this phase transition, the heat energy is used to break
the bonds holding the water molecules in the solid state. The
temperature remains constant until all the ice has melted. This flat
region on the heating curve is called the latent heat of fusion.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

The temperature remains constant

until all the ice has melted. What do
you call this flat region on the heating
curve?
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Latent Heat of
Fusion
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Heating Curve of Water (H20)

Liquid Phase (Water) to Gaseous Phase (Steam): After all the ice has
melted, further heating of water causes its temperature to rise again
until it reaches its boiling point at 100°C (212°F). During this phase
transition, heat energy is used to break the intermolecular bonds and
convert water into steam. Similar to the melting process, the
temperature remains constant during this phase transition, known as
the latent heat of vaporization.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Heating
Curve
of
Water
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Cooling Curve
A cooling curve represents the changes in temperature
and phase transitions that occur as a substance is cooled.
It is a graph that shows the gradient of heat capacity, the
thermal conductivity of the substance, and the external
temperature.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Cooling Curve
Gaseous Phase (Steam) to Liquid Phase (Water): When
steam is cooled, it undergoes condensation and turns
into liquid water at 100°C (212°F). This process
releases the latent heat of vaporization, causing the
temperature to remain constant until all the steam has
condensed.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

When steam is cooled, at what

temperature it undergoes
condensation and turns into liquid
water?
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

100°C (212°F)
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Cooling Curve
Liquid Phase (Water) to Solid Phase (Ice): Further cooling of
water causes its temperature to drop until it reaches its freezing
point at 0°C (32°F). During this phase transition, heat energy is
released as water molecules form solid bonds in the ice crystal
structure. Like during condensation, the temperature remains
constant during freezing, which is the latent heat of fusion being
released.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Cooling
Curve
Diagram
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

In your own words, define

Pure Substance
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

PURE SUBSTANCE
For a pure substance, the heating and cooling curves depend
on its specific properties, such as its molecular structure and
intermolecular forces. The characteristic temperatures at
which phase transitions occur (melting and boiling points)
are unique to each substance. Additionally, the latent heats of
fusion and vaporization are also specific to the substance in
question.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

For a pure substance, the heating and

cooling curves depend on their what
specific properties?
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Molecular Structure and

Intermolecular Forces
 HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

Heating Curve: PURE SUBSTANCE IRON (Fe)

Iron (Fe) melts at 1538°C were
in the added heat is now being
used to break the bonds between
the iron atoms and change the
solid into a liquid. And then
boils at 2861°C, its temperature
stops rising again as it undergoes
a phase transition from liquid to
gas. The added heat is used to
break the intermolecular forces
and convert the liquid into a gas.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

PURE SUBSTANCE LAURIC ACID (C12H24O2)

Cooling Curve
Lauric acid was heated until it melted. After
removing the heat, the temperature was
recorded at 10s intervals until the Lauric Acid
completely solidified, approximately 4 hours.
The flat part of the curve denotes the time
interval when the Lauric Acid was "freezing",
or changing from liquid to solid. It shows that
the heat removed during this time was the heat
required to change phases, so no temperature
change was seen. Heat lost during this time is
called the Latent Heat of Fusion.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

For pure substance,

differentiate heating and
cooling curve.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

ENERGY CHANGES
According to the kinetic-molecular hypothesis, a substance's
temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its
particles. When a substance is heated, some of the energy absorbed
is kept inside the particles, while another energy accelerates
particle motion. All of the diagonal line segments on a heating or
cooling curve show a temperature change and therefore a change
in kinetic energy.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

ENERGY CHANGES
During these regions, a single state of matter exists and the
sample is either getting hotter or cooler. During the
horizontal line segments, there is no change in temperature,
so kinetic energy remains constant. However, all the energy
that is absorbed or released is related to changes in potential
energy.
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

What happens during the

horizontal line segments?
HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A
SUBSTANCE

There is no change in
temperature, so kinetic energy
remains constant.
ANSWER
ME!
 QUESTION 1

The temperature at which a substance changes

from a gas to liquid is called:

A. Freezing point C. Vaporization point

B. Melting point D. Condensation point
 ANSWER 1

The temperature at which a substance changes

from a gas to liquid is called:

A. Freezing point C. Vaporization point

B. Melting point D. Condensation point
 QUESTION 2

At the melting point of a point of a substance,

temperature _______ as heat is being added and
the substance is changing from a solid to a liquid.

A. Increases C. Remains constant

B. Decreases D. Cease to exist
 ANSWER 2

At the melting point of a point of a substance,

temperature _______ as heat is being added and
the substance is changing from a solid to a liquid.

A. Increases C. Remains constant

B. Decreases D. Cease to exist
 QUESTION 3

Which process takes the longest to

occur?

A. Melting C. Freezing
B. Boiling D. Heating the solid
 ANSWER 3

Which process takes the longest to

occur?

A. Melting C. Freezing
B. Boiling D. Heating the solid
FOR NUMBERS 4-5, REFER TO THE DIAGRAM BELOW
 QUESTION 4

What line segment represents only the

solid state?
A. A-B C. C-D
B. B-C D. D-E
 ANSWER 4

What line segment represents only the

solid state?
A. A-B C. C-D
B. B-C D. D-E
FOR NUMBERS 4-5, REFER TO THE DIAGRAM BELOW
 QUESTION 5

In which segment is the kinetic energy

remaining constant?
A. A-B C. C-D
B. B-C D. E-F
 ANSWER 5

In which segment is the kinetic energy

remaining constant?
A. A-B C. C-D
B. B-C D. E-F
THANK
YOU!