ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY

LOCATION AND EXTERNAL ANATOMY

Lies in a retroperitoneal position( between dorsal body wall and parietal peritoneum) in superior lumbar region Right kidney slightly lower than left Average mass of 150 g Average dimensions: 12 cm long, 6 cm wide ,3 cm thick. The lateral surface is convex while the medial surfaces concave containing vertical cleft called the renal helium that leads into the renal sinus. Enclosed in a strong fibrous capsule which passes over the lips of the sinus and becomes continuous with the walls of the calices.

LOCATION AND EXTERNAL ANATOMY

LOCATION AND EXTERNAL ANATOMY

Three layers of supporting tissue surrounding kidney

Renal fascia outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissueanchoring the kidney and adrenal glands to surrounding structures Perirenal fat capsule fatty mass surrounding the kidney Fibrous Capsule transparent capsule located on the surface of the kidney

INTERNAL ANATOMY
Three distinct regions: Renal cortex Reno Medulla Renal pelvis

INTERNAL ANATOMY
Renal cortex

Most superficial region Light in color Granular appearance

Renal medulla

Contains cone shaped tissue masses, the renal pyramids

Pyramids made of parallel bundles of microscopic urine collecting tubules and capillaries Base of each pyramid faces the cortex Apex of the pyramid points internally Separated by renal columns Pyramids together with renal columns constitute approximately 8 lobes of kidney

INTERNAL ANATOMY

Renal pelvis
Funnel shaped tube continuous with the ureter leaving the hilium Branching extensions form 2-3 major calyces. Major calyces subdivides to form minor calyces.

Flow of urine:
Urine collecting tubule minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureters bladder

DISSECTION OF THE KIDNEY

INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY DIAGRAM 1

BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY - ARTERIES

Renal arteries deliver proximately 1200 mL of blood to the kidneys per minute.
At right angles from abdominal aorta Right renal artery longer than left Each divide into five segmental arteries Segmental arteries(within renal sinus) and branch into interlobar arteries At medulla cortex junction interlobar arteries branch into arcuate arteries Cortical radiate arteries radiate from arcuate arteries to supply cortical tissue Afferent arterioles branch from cortical radiate arteries forming a complex arrangements of microscopic blood vessels.

BLOOD NERVE AND SUPPLY - VEINS

Direction of blood through veins trace pathway of arterial supply in reverse:

Blood leaves renal cortex cortical radiate Arcuate Interlobar renal vein N.B there are no segmental veins Renal vein Inferior vena cava. Left renal vein twice as long as right

BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY

Renal plexus network of autonomic nerve fibers and ganglia but provide the nerve supply of the kidney and ureter.
Supplied by sympathetic fibers from the most inferior thoracic and first lumbar splanchnic nerves

DIAGRAM OF BLOOD VESSELS IN KIDNEY