Motivation

Motivation is a human psychological

characteristic that contributes to a
person’s degree of commitment to
achieve desired goals.
 Motivation-Quote

“I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer. Fear is the

little-death that brings total obliteration. I will face
my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and
through me. And when it has gone past I will turn
the inner eye to see its path. Where the fear has
gone there will be nothing. Only I will remain.”

― Frank Herbert
 Motivation-Types

1. Intrinsic motivation - It come from within

2. Extrinsic motivation - Inspired by others
 Nature of Motivation
Nature of motivation is:
• A psychological process
• A continuous process
• Considers whole individual
• May be financial or non-financial
• May be positive or negative
• Organizational Contexts
Contemporary Motivation
Theories

• Content theories: explain why

people have different needs at
different times.

• Process theories: describe the

processes through which needs are
translated into behavior.
Motivation Theories
 Content Theories of
Motivation
Maslow’s Alderfer’s Herzberg’s McClelland’s
Need Hierarchy ERG Theory Theory Learned Needs

Self- Need for

Actualization Achievement
Growth Motivators
Need for
Esteem
Power

Need for
Belongingness Relatedness
Affiliation

Safety Hygienes
Existence
Physiological
Matching Content Theories
Process Theories

• Reinforcement Theory
• Expectancy Theory
• Equity Theory
• Goal Setting Theory
• Justice Theory
 Important Goal Characteristics
GOAL
SPECIFIC GOALS ACCEPTANCE

DIFFICULT GOALS
MOTIVATION
FEEDBACK ON
PROGRESS

COMPETITION GOAL
COMMITMENT
PARTICIPATION
IN GOAL SETTING
Expectancy Theory
Essentials of Motivational Theories