Second Topic

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
MASINLOC FIRE STATION - ZAMBALES
EMERGENCY RESCUE TRANSFERS
SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

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Is a rapid movement of patient from unsafe place to a
place of safety
• Use only IF:

-Patient faces an immediate danger (e.g. danger of
fire, toxic gasses, serious traffic hazard, risk of
drowning, danger of electrocution, and danger of
collapsing walls or structure)
-You cannot give lifesaving care because of location
or position
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Patient Positioning:
• Reposition a patient only when necessary

• Reposition a breathing, unresponsive, non-trauma
patient to recovery position
• Don’t move or reposition a trauma patient unless
necessary to treat life-threatening condition
• Allow responsive patient to assume comfortable
position
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Selection of transfer method will depend on the
following:
1. Nature and severity of the injury
2. Size of the victim
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider
4. Number of personnel and equipment available
5. Nature of evacuation route
6. Distance to be covered
7. Sex of the victim (Last Consideration)
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MASINLOCFIRE STATION - ZAMBALES
DRAGS AND CARRIES

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DRAGS AND CARRIES

ONE RESCUER TWO RESCUER
1. Ankle Pull 1. Human Crutch / Two Person-Drag
2. Shoulder Pull 2. Four-handed seat
3. Blanket Pull 3. Two-handed seat / hand as a litter
4. One-person lift / lovers carry 4. Carry by extremeties
5. Pack-strap carry 5. Chair carry
6. Fireman carry
THREE OR MORE RESCUER
7. Fireman drag
1. Hammock Carry
8. Pack-strap carry
2. Three-person carry or stretcher lift
9. Assist to walk

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MASINLOC FIRE STATION – ZAMBALES

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PRACTICE TIME

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SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

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WOUNDS
A wound is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or
punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed
wound).
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1. Pain
2. Swelling
3. Bleeding

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ANATOMY OF THE SKIN

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TYPES OF WOUNDS
1. Open Wounds - Complete break of the epithelial protective surface
Abrasion Puncture Laceration Incision Avulsion

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TYPES OF WOUNDS
1. Closed Wounds - Skin intact / Underlying tissue damaged
Contusion / Hematoma/Bruise

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FIRST AID FOR CLOSED WOUNDS

Closed Wounds

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FIRST AID FOR OPEN WOUNDS

4Cs
Control Bleeding
Cover the wound with clean dressing and secure with a
bandage
Care for SHOCK
Consult or refer to a physician

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BLEEDING
• Bleeding, also known as a hemorrhage, is blood escaping from
the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.
• Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a
natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or
anus, or through a wound in the skin.

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TYPES OF BLEEDING

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FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING

PRESSURE POINTS TO STOP BLEEDING

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BURNS
Burns are tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or
other radiation, or chemical or electrical contact. Burns can be minor medical
problems or life-threatening emergencies.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

• Blisters
• Pain / Deep Burns Painless
• Peeling skin
• Red skin
• Shock (pale and clammy skin, weakness, bluish lips and fingernails, and a drop in alertness.)
• Swelling
• White or charred skin

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TYPES OF BURNS
• Thermal burns. Burns due to external heat sources that raise the temperature of the skin and tissues.
These burns also cause tissue cell death or black charring. Hot metals, scalding liquids, steam, and
flames, when coming in contact with the skin, can cause thermal burns.
• Radiation burns. Burns caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun. Also caused by
exposure to other sources of radiation such as therapeutic cancer treatments or nuclear power plant
leaks.
• Chemical burns. Burns caused by strong acids, alkalis, detergents, or solvents coming into contact with
the skin or eyes.
• Electrical burns. Burns from electrical current, either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
• Friction burns. Burns from direct damage to the cells and from the heat generated by friction.
Examples include children falling on or touching a treadmill in motion. Or a rope burn from a rope sliding
through the hands.
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DEGREES OF BURN
• First-degree burns are considered mild compared to other burns.
They result in pain and reddening of the epidermis (outer layer of
the skin).
• Second-degree burns (partial thickness burns) affect the
epidermis and the dermis (lower layer of skin). They cause pain,
redness, swelling, and blistering.
• Third-degree burns (full thickness burns) go through the
dermis and affect deeper tissues. They result in white or
blackened, charred skin that may be numb.
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DEGREES OF BURN

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DEGREES OF BURN

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FIRST AID FOR MAJOR BURNS

•Protect the burned person from further harm. If you can do so safely, make sure the
person you're helping is not in contact with the source of the burn.
•Make certain that the person burned is breathing. If needed, begin rescue breathing if you
know how.
•Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items, especially from around burned areas
and the neck. Burned areas swell rapidly.
•Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist bandage or a clean cloth.
•Don't immerse large severe burns in water. Doing so could cause a serious loss of body
heat (hypothermia).
•Elevate the burned area. Raise the wound above heart level, if possible.
•Watch for signs of shock. Signs and symptoms include fainting, pale complexion or
breathing in a notably shallow fashion.

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FIRST AID FOR MINOR BURNS

• Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for at least 10
minutes
• Remove rings or other tight items from the burned area. Try to do this quickly and
gently, before the area swells.
• Don't break blisters. Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection. If a blister breaks, clean
the area with water (mild soap is optional). Apply an antibiotic ointment. But if a rash
appears, stop using the ointment.
• Apply lotion. Once a burn is completely cooled, apply a lotion, such as one that contains
aloe vera or a moisturizer. This helps prevent drying and provides relief.
• Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton). Wrap it
loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the area, reduces
pain and protects blistered skin.

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FIRST AID FOR CHEMICAL BURNS

• Put on protective equipment.
• Remove any clothes that might have the chemical on them, and brush any
dry chemical powder off the person’s skin.
• Flush with large amounts of cool running water for at least 15 minutes.

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• If an eye is burned by a chemical, flush the affected eye with water

until EMS personnel take over. Tilt the head so that the affected eye is
lower than the unaffected eye as you flush

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FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL BURNS

• Because powerful electrical currents can affect the heart, it is
important to monitor the person’s ABCs closely.
• Ensure that the electrical current has been turned off.
• Keep the person still.
• Look for and treat two burns (the entry and exit points).

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SPECIAL SITUATIONS
Certain types of wounds need special attention or care. These types
of situations include crush injury; severed body parts (amputations);
impaled objects; and injury to the mouth, nose, lip, tooth, chest and
abdomen.

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CRUSH INJURIES
A crush injury is caused by strong pressure against a body part, often a limb. It may result in serious
damage to underlying tissue, causing bruising, bleeding, lacerations, fractures, shock and internal
injuries. Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for any serious or life-threatening condition. Care
for specifi c injuries found and assume that internal injuries are present. Also care for shock.
SEVERED BODY PARTS / AMPUTATION

If part of the body has been torn or cut off, call 9-1-1 or the local
emergency number, then try to find the part and wrap it in sterile gauze
or any clean material, such as a washcloth. Put the wrapped part in a
plastic bag and seal the bag. Keep the part cold and bag cool by
placing it in a larger bag or container of an ice and water slurry, not on
ice alone and not on dry ice, if possible, but do not freeze (Fig. 7-24).
Be sure the part is taken to the hospital with the person. Doctors may
be able to reattach it.

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BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

MASINLOC FIRE STATION - ZAMBALES

EMERGENCY RESCUE TRANSFERS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

EMERGENCY RESCUE TRANSFERS

• Use only IF:

EMERGENCY RESCUE TRANSFERS

• Reposition a patient only when necessary

EMERGENCY RESCUE TRANSFERS

DRAGS AND CARRIES

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

DRAGS AND CARRIES

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

ANATOMY OF THE SKIN

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

Abrasion Puncture Laceration Incision Avulsion

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR CLOSED WOUNDS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR OPEN WOUNDS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR MAJOR BURNS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR MINOR BURNS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR CHEMICAL BURNS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

• If an eye is burned by a chemical, flush the affected eye with water

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL BURNS

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE

SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE