INTRODUCING GLOBAL

POLITICS
SOURCE: ANDREW HEYWOOD, GLOBAL POLITICS, 2011
(CHAPTER 1, PP1-24)
WHAT IS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GLOBAL
POLITICS & INTERNATIONAL POLITICS?

TW0 MEANINGS OF THE TERM GLOBAL

1. POLITICS THAT IS CONDUCTED AT A
GLOBAL RATHER THAN NATIONAL
OR REGIONAL LEVEL.
2. COMPREHENSIVE, REFERRING TO
ALL ELEMENTS WITHIN A SYSTEM
NOT JUST TO THE SYSTEM AS A
WHOLE.
 WHAT IS GLOBAL POLITICS?

BOTH WHAT GOES ON WITHIN STATES

AND WHAT GOES ON BETWEEN STATES
IMPACT ON ONE ANOTHER TO A
GREATER DEGREE THAN EVER BEFORE,
AND THAT AN INCREASED PROPORTION
OF POLITICS NO LONGER TAKES PLACE
SIMPLY IN AND THROUGH THE STATE.
 FROM INTERNATIONAL POLITICS TO GLOBAL
POLITICS

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IS STATE-CENTRIC APPROACH IS HARD TO

DESCRIBE AS INTER-STATE POLITICS. SUSTAIN.
STATES ARE TAKEN TO BE THE KEY OTHER ACTORS:
ACTORS ON THE WORLD STAGE –
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION (TNCS)
STATE-CENTRIC (CONVENTIONAL
AND INGOS
APPROACH).
ORIGINATED FROM THE PEACE OF
WESTPHALIA.
 INCREASED INTERDEPENDENCE AND
INTERCONNECTEDNESS
 STATE-CENTRIC IS OFTEN ILLUSTRATED THROUGH THE SO-CALLED “BILLIARD BALL MODEL”.

 STATES, LIKE BILLIARD BALLS ARE IMPERMEABLE.

 POWER AND SURVIVAL ARE THE PRIMARY CONCERNS OF STATES.

 FORMS OF STATE INTERACTION - WAR AND PEACE WITH DIPLOMACY AND POSSIBLY
MILITARY ACTION.
 IMPLICATIONS OF “BILLIARD BALL MODEL”

1. IT SUGGESTS CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS; AND

2. IT IMPLIES THAT PATTERNS OF CONFLICT AND COOPERATION WITHIN INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM ARE LARGELY DETERMINED BY THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS AMONG STATES.
BILLIARD BALL MODEL WAS PRESSURED BY CURRENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
3. SUBSTANTIAL GROWTH IN CROSS-BORDER, OR TRANSNATIONAL FLOWS AND TRANSACTIONS
(ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION);
4. THE GROWING INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERCONNECTEDNESS – STATES ARE DRAWN INTO
COOPERATION AND INTEGRATION BY FORCES SUCH AS CLOSER TRADING AND OTHER
ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP WHICH IS ILLUSTRATED BY “COBWEB MODEL”.
FROM INTERNATIONAL ANARCHY TO GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
ASSUMPTION
 STATE OPERATES IN THE CONTEXT OF “ANARCHY”.
 STATES RELY ON “SELF-HELP”.
 CONFLICT IS CONSTRAINED BY BALANCE OF POWER.

ANARCHICAL SOCIETY HAVE BECOME MORE DIFFICULT TO SUSTAIN BECAUSE OF

THE EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE:
UN, IMF, WTO, EU AND THE LIKE – THIS CHALLENGED THE STATE-CENTRIC IMAGE OF
THE WORLD POLITICS.
 EXPLAINING GLOBALIZATION

1. GLOBALITY – IS THE CONDITION

2. GLOBALISM – AS AN IDEOLOGY
GLOBALIZATION, REGARDLESS OF ITS FORMS IMPACT, FORGES CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN PREVIOUSLY UNCONNECTED PEOPLE, COMMUNITIES, INSTITUTIONS
AND SOCIETIES. HELD & MCGREW DEFINED GLOBALIZATION AS THE
WIDENING, INTENSIFYING, SPEEDING UP, AND GROWING IMPACT OF WORLD-
WIDE CONNECTEDNESS.