DORO

GROUP 4 PRESENTS

THEA
OREM
AND
HER

SELF-CARE
DEFICIT
THEORY
WHAT IS SELF-
CARE DEFICIT
NURSING
THE ACT OF ASSISTING OTHERS IN THE PROVISION AND

THEORY?
MANAGEMENT OF SELF-CARE TO MAINTAIN OR IMPROVE HUMAN
FUNCTIONING AT THE HOME LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS.” IT
FOCUSES ON EACH INDIVIDUAL’S ABILITY TO PERFORM SELF-
CARE, DEFINED AS “THE PRACTICE OF ACTIVITIES THAT
INDIVIDUALS INITIATE AND PERFORM ON THEIR OWN BEHALF IN
MAINTAINING LIFE, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING.”
BACKG
ROUND
DOROTHEA
OREM
-Born on July 15, 1914 in Baltimore, MD
-Father was a construction worker
-Mother was a homemaker
-Youngest of two (2) daughters
-Died June 22,2007 in Savannah, GA. She
was 92.
EDUCAT
ION DOROTHEA
OREM
1931- Graduated from Seton High
School in Baltimore, MD

1934 – Earned Nursing Diploma

from Providence Hospital School of
Nursing in Washington, D.C.

-Received BSN Ed. In 1939 and an

MSN Ed. In 1945 from Catholic
University in America.
HONORARY
DOCTORATE
DEGREES DOROTHEA
OREM
1976 – Honorary Doctorate Degree of Science from
Georgetown University

1980 – Honorary Doctorate Degree from Incamate Word

College

1988 – Doctor of Humane Letters from Illinois Wesleyan

University
1998 – Doctor Honors Causae, University of Missouri-
Columbia
EARLY YEARS
IN NURSING
-O.R. Nurse
-Privately Duty Nursing (Home and Nursing)
-Pediatric and Adult Med/Surg Staff Nurse
-E.R. Supervisor
-Director of the Providence Hospital School of
Nursing in Detroit, MI
DOROTHEA
PUBLICATIONS
AND WORKS
1959 - Guidelines for Developing Curricula for the
Education of Practical Nurses
1971 – First Published her formal articulation of
ideas in Nursing: Concept of Practice
Subsequent works of her theory were published in
1980, 1985, 1991, 1995, and 2001

DOROTHEA
DOROTHEA
OREM
Nursing’s Concern – “ man’s need for self care
action and the provision and management of it
on a continuous basis in order to sustain life and
recover from disease or injury, and cope with
effects” (Orem, 1959, p.3)
Nursing’s goal – “ overcoming human
limitation” ( Orem 1959, p.4)
THEORE
TICAL
SOURCE
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
NURSING
EXPERIENCE:
Orem's direct involvement as a practicing nurse allowed her to
witness firsthand challenges individuals faced in caring for
themselves.

NURSING
THEORY
Nursing Theories:Orem incorporated concepts from various
nursing theories, such as Florence Nightingale's environmental
theory, to shape her own framework.
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
Psycholog
Drawingy:from behavioral and developmental psychology, Orem
sought to understand human behavior, motivation, and how
individuals acquire self-care abilities
SOCIOL
OremOGY:
recognized the significant impact of social factors on health and care
needs. Social influences, such as cultural norms, family dynamics, and
societal expectations, played a role in an individual's capacity for self-care.
Considering these factors was crucial in tailoring nursing care to meet the
specific needs of patients.
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
EDUCATI
ON theories/ concepts provided Orem with
Educational
insights into learning processes and how individuals
acquire skills..
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
Theoretical sources that influenced Dorothea Orem's
Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory

1.Nursing Experience
2.Nursing Theories
3.Psychology
4.Sociology
5.Education
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
4 RELATED THEORIES OF SELF CARE DEFICIT
NURSING THEORIES:

I. Theory of Self-Care
II. Theory of dependent-care
III. The theory of self - care deficit
IV. The theory of nursing system
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
I. Theory of self care
Self care comprises the practice of activities that
maturing and mature person initiate and perform
within time frames, on their own behalf in the
interest of maintaining life, healthful, continuing
personal development, and well-being by meeting
known requisites.
 THEORY OF SELF
CARE
Self-
Care
This theory focuses on the performance or
practice of activities that individuals initiate and
perform on their own behalf to maintain life,
health, and well-being.
 THEORY OF SELF
CARE
Self Care
Agency
Self-care agency in the theory of self-care by Dorothea
Orem refers to an individual's ability and capacity to take
care of themselves, encompassing their physical,
psychological, sociocultural, and developmental
capabilities to perform self-care activities for maintaining
health and well-being.
 THEORY OF SELF
CARE
Self Care AgeTherapeutic Self-Care
Demand- ncy
Totality of self care actions to be performed for some
duration in order to meet self-care requisites by using valid
methods and related sets of operations and actions.
 THEORY OF SELF
CARE
Self-Care
Actions directed toward the provision of self-care.
Requisites
THE THREE CATEGORIES OF SELF CARE
REQUISITES ARE:

• UNIVERSAL
• DEVELOPMENTAL
• HEALTH DEVIATION
 three categories of self care
requisites
A. UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES-UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE
REQUISITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE PROCESSES AND THE
MAINTENANCE OF THE HUMAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING
INTEGRITY.
• The maintenance of a sufficient intake of air
• The maintenance of a sufficient intake of water
• The maintenance of a sufficient intake of food
• The provision of care associated with the elimination process and excrements
• The maintenance of a balance between activity and rest
• The maintenance of a balance between solitude and social interaction
• The prevention of hazards to human life, human functioning, and human well-
being
• The promotion of human functioning and development within social groups in
accord with human potential, known human limitations, and the human desire to
be normal
 three categories of self care
requisites
B. DEVELOPMENTAL SELF-CARE
REQUISITES
• Developmental self-care requisites are “either
specialized expressions of universal self-care requisites
that have been particularized for developmental
processes or they are new requisites derived from a
condition or associated with an event.”
 three categories of self care
requisites
C. Health deviation self-care requisites
Are required in conditions of illness, injury, or
disease or may result from medical measures
required to diagnose and correct the condition.
 three categories of self care
requisites
C. Health deviation self-care requisites
• Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance.
• Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions and
states
• Effectively carrying out medically prescribed diagnostic, therapeutic, and
rehabilitative measures.
• Being aware of and attending to or regulating the discomforting or deleterious
effects of prescribed medical measures
• Modifying the self-concept (and self-image) in accepting oneself as being in a
particular state of health and in need of specific forms of health care
• Learning to live with the effects of pathologic conditions and states and the effects of
medical diagnostic and treatment measures in a lifestyle that promotes continued
personal development
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES

II. THEORY OF
DEPENDENT CARE
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
II. Theory of Dependent Care
Dependent Care

-Refers to the care that is provided to a person who,

because of age factors, is unable to perform the self-
care needed to maintain, healthful functioning
continuing personal development and well-being
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
II. Theory of Dependent Care
Dependent - Care Agency
Refers to the acquired ability of a person to know
and meet the therapeutic self-care demand of the
dependent person and/or regulate the development
and exercise of the dependent’s self-care agency
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
II. Theory of Dependent Care
Dependent - Care Deficit
A relationship that exist when the dependent-care
provider’s agency is not adequate to meet the
therapeutic self-care demand of the person receiving
dependent care.
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES
II. Theory of Dependent Care
Dependent - Care Demand
is the summation of care measures at a specific
point in time or over a duration of time for
meeting the dependent's therapeutic, self-care
demand when his or her self-care agency is not
adequate or operational
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES

III. THEORY OF
SELF-CARE DEFICIT
 THEORETICAL
III. THEORY OFSOURCES
SELF-CARE DEFICIT
Self-Care Deficit
- Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a
dependent, the parent or guardian) is incapable of or limited in
providing continuous effective self-care.
 THEORETICAL
III. THEORY OFSOURCES
SELF-CARE DEFICIT
Orem identified 5 methods of helping:
1. Acting for and doing for others
2. Guiding others
3. Supporting another
4. Providing an environment to promote the patient's ability.
6. Teaching another
 THEORETICAL
SOURCES

IV. THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS
 THEORETICAL
IV. THEORY OF
SOURCES
NURSING SYSTEMS
Nursing Systems
Nursing systems are series and sequences of deliberate
practical actions of nurses performed at times in
coordination with the actions of their patients to know and
meet components of patients' therapeutic self-care
demands and to protect and regulate the exercise of
development of patients' self-care agency
 THEORETICAL
IV. THEORY OF
SOURCES
NURSING SYSTEMS
3 classifications of nursing systems to meet the
self-care requisites of the patient:

1. Wholly Compensatory System

2. Partially Compensatory System
4. Supportive-Educative System
 IV. THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS
WHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM
-The patient is dependent
- nurse is expected to accomplish all the patient's therapeutic
self-care
EXAMPLES:
A. THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS BECAUSE HE HAD A STROKE
(CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT).
THE NURSE PROVIDES TOTAL CARE FOR THE PATIENT - FEEDING, HYGIENE,
AND SUCTIONING OF SECRETIONS TO MAINTAIN EFFECTIVE RESPIRATION,
PROMOTING SAFETY, AND PROVIDING EXERCISES OF JOINTS AND BODY
PARTS.

B. CARE OF A NEWBORN
 IV. THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS
Partially Compensatory System
-the patient can meet some needs
-nursing assistance
-both the nurse and the patient engage in meeting self-
care needs.
 IV. THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS
Example:

A. The patient fell from the stairs in his school and had a fracture of
his right leg. His leg is now in cast. The patient can do self-care
activities like eating, and drinking. but needs assistance with
bathing, toileting, transfer, and mobility until he learns how to use
crutches proper.
 IV. THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS
Supportive-educative System
-this is also known as a supportive-developmental system.

-the patient can meet self-care requisites but needs assistance

with decision-making or knowledge and skills to learn self-
care.
 IV. THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS

Example:
Nurse guides a mother on how to breastfeed her baby
 FOUR
STRUCTURED
COGNITIVE
OPERATION
SNDNT INVOLES FOUR
STRUCTURED COGNITIVE
OPERATION
(1) AS FOLLOWS
DIAGNOSTIC
(2)
PRESCRIPTIVE
(3)
REGULATORY
DIAGNOSTIC
OPERATION
A.ESTABLISH THERAPEUTIC
RELATIONSHIP

B.DIAGNOSE SELF-CARE(EXISTING
OR PROJECTED)
PRESCRIPTIVE
OPERATION
A. CALCULATE IDEAL THERAPEUTIC SELF-
CARE DEMAND

B. DESIGN THERAPEUTIC SELF-CARE

DEMANDS

C. PRIORITIZE THERAPEUTIC SELF-CARE

DEMAND

D. PRESCRIBE CLIENT ROLE AND NURSE

REGULATORY
OPERATION
A. DESIGN REGULATORY NURSING
SYSTEMFOR PRESCRIBE THERAPEUTIC
SELF-CARE DEMANDS

B. PLAN FOR REGULATORY OPERATION

C. PRODUCTION OF REGULATORY CARE

CONTROL OPERATION
A. OBSERVE AND APPRAISE
REGULATORY OPERATION
MAJO
R
 NURSING
AGENCY
DEVELOPED CAPABILITIES OF PERSONS
EDUCATED AS NURSES THAT EMPOWER
THEM TO REPRESENT THEMSELVES AS
NURSES WITHIN THE FRAME OF LEGITIMATE
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS TO ACT, TO
KNOW, AND TO HELP PERSONS IN SUCH
RELATIONSHIPS TO MEET THEIR
THERAPEUTIC SELF-CARE DEMANDS.
 NURSING
DESIGN
A PROFESSIONAL FUNCTION PERFORMED
BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER NURSING
DIAGNOSIS AND PRESCRIPTION, ALLOWS
NURSES, ON THE BASIS OF REFLECTIVE
JUDGMENTS ABOUT EXISTENT CONDITIONS.
IT PROVIDES GUIDES FOR ACHIEVING
NEEDED AND FORESEEN RESULTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF NURSING TOWARD THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF NURSING GOALS.
MAJOR
ASSUMPTI
ONS
 MAJOR
ASSUMPTION
PERSON
A total being with universal, developmental needs and
capable of continuous self-care. A nursing client is a human
being who has “health-related/health-derived limitations that
render him/her of incapable of continuous self-care or
dependent care or limitations that result in
ineffective/incomplete care.
 MAJOR
ASSUMPTION
ENVIRONME
NTare environmental factors, environmental
Components
elements, conditions, and developmental environment.

HEAL
A stateTH
characterized by physical, psychological, and social
well-being, rather than merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
 MAJOR
ASSUMPTION
NURSING
a form of action or care provided to individuals
to assist them in maintaining their health and
well-being.
 BASIC TO THE
HUMANGENERAL THEORY
BEINGS REQUIRE CONTINUOUS, DELIBERATE INPUT
TO THEMSELVES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT TO STAY ALIVE.

Human agency, the power to act deliberately is exercised in the form of

care for self and others in identifying needs and making need inputs.

MATURE HUMAN BEINGS EXPERIENCE PRIVATIONS IN THE

FORM OF LIMITATIONS FOR ACTION IN CARE FOR SELF AND
OTHERS INVOLVING MAKING LIFE-SUSTAINING AND
FUNCTION-REGULATING INPUTS.
 BASIC TO THE
GENERAL
HUMAN THEORY
AGENCY IS EXERCISED IN DISCOVERING,
DEVELOPING, AND TRANSMITTING WAYS AND MEANS TO
IDENTIFY NEEDS AND MAKE INPUTS TO SELF AND OTHERS.

A group of human beings with structured relationships cluster task and

allocate responsibilities for providing care to group members who
experience privations for making required, deliberate input to self and
others.
THEORITC
AL
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
Orem’s general theory of nursing that represents the whole
picture of nursing, the SCDNT was originally represented in
the following three theories:

1.THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEMS

2.THEORY OF SELF-CARE DEFICIT
3.THEORY OF SELF-CARE
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THE THEORY OF
THE THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEMS PROPOSES THAT
NURSING SYSTEMS
NURSING IS HUMAN ACTIONS: NURSING SYSTEMS ARE
ACTION SYSTEMS FORMED (DESIGNED AND PRODUCED)
BY NURSES THROUGH THE EXERCISE OF THEIR
NURSING AGENCY FOR PERSONS WITH HEALTH-
DERIVED OR HEALTH-ASSOCIATED LIMITATIONS IN
SELF-CARE OR DEPENDENT-CARE. NURSING AGENCY
INCLUDES CONCEPTS OF DELIBERATE ACTION,
INCLUDING INTENTIONALITY, AND THE OPERATIONS OF
DIAGNOSIS, PRESCRIPTION, AND REGULATION.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THE THEORY OF
NURSING SYSTEMS
-The essential organizing component of the Self-Care Deficit
Theory of Nursing because it establishes the form of nursing and
the relationship between patient and nurse properties.

-Refers to a series of actions a nurse undertakes to aid in meeting a

person’s self-care needs.

-Rationales for the nurse-patient relationship

 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-
THE THEORY OF SELF-CARE DEFICIT IS THE CORE OF
CARE DEFICIT
OREM'S GRAND THEORY OF NURSING BECAUSE IT
DELINEATES WHEN NURSING IS NEEDED. NURSING IS
REQUIRED WHEN AN ADULT (OR IN THE CASE OF A
DEPENDENT, THE PARENT OR GUARDIAN) IS INCAPABLE
OF OR LIMITED IN THE PROVISION OF CONTINUOUS
EFFECTIVE SELF-CARE (GEORGE 1995). THE TERM
"DEFICIT" REFERS TO A PARTICULAR RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN SELF-CARE AGENCY AND SELF-CARE DEMAND
THAT IS SAID TO EXIST WHEN CAPABILITIES FOR
ENGAGING IN SELF-CARE ARE LESS THAN THE DEMAND
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-
THE SELF-CARE DEFICIT MAY BE ACTUAL OR
CARE DEFICIT
POTENTIAL. FOR EXAMPLE:
- IN THE CASE OF PREMATURE BIRTH, THE ACTUAL
INFANT-CARE DEFICIT MAY BE THE PARENT’S
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF HOW TO PROVIDE CARE
FOR THE PRETERM INFANT.

-THE POTENTIAL INFANT-CARE DEFICIT COULD

RESULT IN INCREASED RISK OF INFANT ABUSE OR
NEGLECT.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-
6 METHODS OF HELPING:
CARE DEFICIT
1. Doing for or acting for another
2. Guiding or directing another
3. Providing physical support
4.Providing psychological support
5.Providing an environment supportive of development
6. Teaching another
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-
6 METHODS OF HELPING:
CARE DEFICIT
1. Doing for or acting for another
2. Guiding or directing another
3. Providing physical support
4.Providing psychological support
5.Providing an environment supportive of development
6. Teaching another
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
BASIC CONDITIONING FACTORS:

BASIC CONDITIONING FACTORS ARE AGE, GENDER,

DEVELOPMENTAL STATE, HEALTH STATE,
SOCIOCULTURAL ORIENTATION, HEALTH CARE
SYSTEM FACTORS, FAMILY SYSTEM FACTORS,
PATTERNS OF LIVING, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS,
AND RESOURCE ADEQUACY AND AVAILABILITY.
(NURSING THEORIES, JULIA GEORGE)
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
TWO AGENTS:

• SELF–CARE AGENT - A PERSON WHO PROVIDES

SELF- CARE.

• DEPENDENT SELF-CARE AGENT - A PERSON

OTHER THAN THE INDIVIDUAL WHO PROVIDES
THE CARE (E.G. PARENT)
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
DEPENDENT-CARE

• THE THEORY OF DEPENDENT CARE EXPLAINS HOW

THE SELF-CARE SYSTEM IS MODIFIED WHEN IT IS
DIRECTED TOWARD A PERSON WHO IS SOCIALLY
DEPENDENT AND NEEDS ASSISTANCE IN MEETING
HIS OR HER SELF-CARE REQUISITES
(TAYLOR&RENPENNING, 2011, P.24). FOR PERSONS
WHO ARE SOCIALLY DEPENDENT AND UNABLE TO
MEET THEIR THERAPEUTIC SELF-CARE DEMAND,
ASSISTANCE FROM ANOTHER PERSON IS
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
SELF-CARE REQUISITIES

• CAN BE DEFINED AS ACTIONS DIRECTED TOWARD

THE PROVISION OF SELF-CARE. IT IS PRESENTED IN
THREE CATEGORIES:
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES

ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE PROCESSES AND THE

MAINTENANCE OF THE HUMAN STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTIONING INTEGRITY.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES

-INTRA-UTERINE
-POOR HEALTH
STAGES OF LIFE
INDUSTRY
-AIR -NEONATAL STAGES
-OPPRESSIVE LIVING OF LIFE
-WATER
CONDITION -FOOD -INFANCY
-TERMINAL -ELIMINATION -CHILDHOOD
ILLNESS/IMPENDING -ACTIVITY/REST -ADOLESCENCE
DEATH -SOLITUDE/SOCIAL -EARLY ADULTHOOD
-STATUS-ASSOCIATED INTERACTION
-DEVELOPMENT
PROBLEMS -PREVENTION OF
HAZARDS STAGES IN
ABRUPT CHANGE OF ADULTHOOD
RESIDENCE OR EVM. -PREGNANCY
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
DEVELOPMENTAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES

• EITHER SPECIALIZED EXPRESSIONS OF UNIVERSAL

SELF-CARE REQUISITES THAT HAVE BEEN
PARTICULARIZED FOR DEVELOPMENTAL
PROCESSES OR THEY ARE NEW REQUISITES
DERIVED FROM A CONDITION OR ASSOCIATED
WITH AN EVENT.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE

A
D A D
self-care self-care deficit
D- DEMAND
A- ABILITY TO MEET
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
• THE THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEM IS THE UNIFYING THEORY
AND INCLUDES ALL THE ESSENTIAL, ELEMENTS. THE THEORY
OF SELF-CARE DEFICIT ADDRESSES THE REASON WHY A
PERSON MAY BENEFIT FROM NURSING. THE THEORY OF SELF-
CARE EXPRESSES THE PURPOSE, METHOD, AND OUTCOME OF
TAKING CARE OF SELF.

• THE FOURTH THEORY, THE THEORY OF DEPENDENT- CARE WAS

INITIALLY INTRODUCED AS A COROLLARY TO THE THEORY OF
SELF-CARE (TAYLOR AND REPENNING. 2011, P.107). WORK TO
FURTHER DEVELOP THE CONCEPTUAL ELEMENTS AND
RELATIONSHIPS RELATED TO THIS THEORY IS ONGOING.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
LOGICAL FORM:
• OREM EXPRESSED A GENERAL CONCEPT OF NURSING BY
INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE THINKING ABOUT NURSING.

• Orem had shown the form of theory in many models that she and
others have developed.

• Orem described the models and their importance to the development

and understanding of the reality of the entities.
ACCEPTA
NCE BY
THE
 ACCEPTANCE BY THE
NURSING COMMUNITY
DOROTHEA OREM'S NURSING THEORY,
PARTICULARLY THE SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING
THEORY, IS WIDELY ACCEPTED IN THE FIELD OF
NURSING. DEVELOPED IN THE MID-20TH
CENTURY, OREM'S THEORY HAD A SIGNIFICANT
IMPACT ON NURSING EDUCATION, PRACTICE, AND
RESEARCH. IT PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS IN
THEIR OWN CARE, THE CONCEPT OF SELF-CARE
DEFICITS, AND THE NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITY IN
SUPPORTING PATIENTS' SELF-CARE ABILITIES.
 CRITIQUE:
DOROTHEA
OREM’S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT
NURSING
CRITIQUE: DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY
(SCDNT)
CLA
RITY
Orem’s theory is clear and easily understood by
every individual who came across with it without
facing any complexity once familiar with the terms
and applications.
 CRITIQUE: DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY
(SCDNT)
SIMPL
ICITY
Overall, the SCDNT fulfills the criterion of
simplicity in the aspect of limited number of
terms, which are defined and used consistently in
the expression of the theory.
 CRITIQUE: DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY
(SCDNT)
GENER
ALITYOrem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
Dorothea
is often praised for its generality due to its broad
applicability across diverse healthcare settings and
patient population.
 CRITIQUE: DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY
(SCDNT)
ACCESS
IBILITY
Dorothea Orem’s theory is praised for its
accessibility due to its clear language, teaching
utility, and many more.
 CRITIQUE: DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY
(SCDNT)
IMPORT
ANCE
This theory is important to improve quality of care
given for the individual, state area of need and how
nurse perform activities and when to perform it.
APPLICATION
OF OREM’S
SELF-CARE
DEFICIT
NURSING
C AS
MR S
E
.
H
E S
I
T
ST
R
O
E
R
L
Y
L A
O
C
F
.

THEORY CASE HISTORY OF

MRS. ESTRELLA C.
APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE CASE HISTORY OF
MRS. ESTRELLA C.

DEFICIT
Mrs. NURSING
Estella C., THEORY
a 76-year old (SCDNT)
female came to
the hospital with complaints of pain over all joints,
stiffness which is more in the morning and
reduces ability on performing activities. She had these complaints since 6 years
ago and has taken treatment from a private physician's clinic and herbolario.
Sometimes she self-medicates. The symptoms were not reducing, and came to Las
Piñas General hospital for further management. The patient was able to do the
activities of daily living (ADL) by herself but the way she performed and the
posture she used was making her at risk to develop the complications of the
disease. She was also malnourished and was not having awareness about the
deficiencies and effects. Medical diagnosis: Rheumatoid arthritis.
 APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE
CASE HISTORY OF MRS. ESTRELLA C.
DEFICIT NURSING THEORY (SCDNT)
A. BASIC CONDITIONING FACRORS
B. UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES
C. DEVELOPMENTAL SELF CARE-CARE
REQUISITES
D. HEALTH DEVIATION SELF CARE REQUISITES
 APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE
CASE HISTORY OF MRS. ESTRELLA C.
DEFICIT NURSING THEORY (SCDNT)
A. BASIC CONDITIONING FACTORS - BASIC CONDITIONING
FACTORS ARE AGE, GENDER, DEVELOPMENTAL STATE,
HEALTH STATE, SOCIO-CULTURAL ORIENTATION, HEALTH
CARE SYSTEM FACTORS, FAMILY SYSTEM FACTORS, PATTERNS
OF LIVING, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AND RESOURCE
ADEQUACYAND AVAILABILITY.
APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE CASE HISTORY OF
MRS. ESTRELLA C.

DEFICIT
Mrs. NURSING
Estella C., THEORY
a 76-year old (SCDNT)
female came to
the hospital with complaints of pain over all joints,
stiffness which is more in the morning and
reduces ability on performing activities. She had these complaints since 6 years
ago and has taken treatment from a private physician's clinic and herbolario.
Sometimes she self-medicates. The symptoms were not reducing, and came to Las
Piñas General hospital for further management. The patient was able to do the
activities of daily living (ADL) by herself but the way she performed and the
posture she used was making her at risk to develop the complications of the
disease. She was also malnourished and was not having awareness about the
deficiencies and effects. Medical diagnosis: Rheumatoid arthritis.
 APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE
CASE HISTORY OF MRS. ESTRELLA C.
DEFICIT NURSING THEORY (SCDNT)
B.UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES- SELF-CARE THAT'S
COMMON IN ALL STAGES OF LIFE; AIR, FOOD, WATER,
ELIMINATION, ACTIVITY/REST, SOLITUDE/SOCIAL
INTERACTION, PREVENTION OF HAZARDS, PROMOTION
OF NORMALCY.
APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE CASE HISTORY OF
MRS. ESTRELLA C.

DEFICIT
Mrs. NURSING
Estella C., THEORY
a 76-year old (SCDNT)
female came to
the hospital with complaints of pain over all joints,
stiffness which is more in the morning and
reduces ability on performing activities. She had these complaints since 6 years
ago and has taken treatment from a private physician's clinic and herbolario.
Sometimes she self-medicates. The symptoms were not reducing, and came to Las
Piñas General hospital for further management. The patient was able to do the
activities of daily living (ADL) by herself but the way she performed and the
posture she used was making her at risk to develop the complications of the
disease. She was also malnourished and was not having awareness about the
deficiencies and effects. Medical diagnosis: Rheumatoid arthritis.
 APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE
CASE HISTORY OF MRS. ESTRELLA C.
DEFICIT NURSING THEORY (SCDNT)
C. DEVELOPMENTAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES- PROVISION OF
CONDITIONS TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT (MAINTAIN A
SAFE ENVIRONMENT AND PREVENT SENSORY DEPRIVATION
AND OVERLOAD), ENGAGEMENT IN SELF-DEVELOPMENT
(MAINTAIN A SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE), INTERFERENCES
WITH DEVELOPMENT (I.E. HANDICAP):
 APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE
CASE HISTORY OF MRS. ESTRELLA C.
DEFICIT NURSING THEORY (SCDNT)
D. HEALTH DEVIATION SELF-CARE REQUISITES- SEEK AND
SECURE MEDICALATTN., BE AWARE OF AND ATTEND TO
PATHOLOGY, CARRY OUT THE MEDICAL PLAN OF CARE, BE
AWARE OF AN ATTEND TO SIDE-EFFECTS, MODIFY SELF-
CONCEPT (I.E. THE PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF THE
DIAGNOSIS), MODIFY LIFESTYLE.
APPLICATION OF OREM’S SELF-CARE CASE HISTORY OF
MRS. ESTRELLA C.

DEFICIT
Mrs. NURSING
Estella C., THEORY
a 76-year old (SCDNT)
female came to
the hospital with complaints of pain over all joints,
stiffness which is more in the morning and
reduces ability on performing activities. She had these complaints since 6 years
ago and has taken treatment from a private physician's clinic and herbolario.
Sometimes she self-medicates. The symptoms were not reducing, and came to Las
Piñas General hospital for further management. The patient was able to do the
activities of daily living (ADL) by herself but the way she performed and the
posture she used was making her at risk to develop the complications of the
disease. She was also malnourished and was not having awareness about the
deficiencies and effects. Medical diagnosis: Rheumatoid arthritis.
CHAPTER
SUMMARY
 CHAPTER
SUMMARY
THE SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY,ALSO
KNOWN AS THE OREM MODEL OF
NURSING WAS DEVELOPED BY
DORETHEA OREM BETWEEN 1959 AND
2001. IT IS CONSIDERED A GRAND
NURSING THEORY.
 CHAPTER
SUMMARY
THE MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS OF OREM'S SELF-CARE
DEFICIT
• PEOPLE SHOULD THEORY ARE
BE SELF-RELIANT, ADAS FOLLOWS:FOR
RESPONSIBLE • THEIR
CARE, AS WELL AS OTHERS IN THEIR FAMILY WHO NEED CARE.
• PEOPLE ARE DISTINCT INDIVIDUALS.
• NURSING IS A FORM OF ACTION. IT IS AN INTERACTION BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE PEOPLE.
• SUCCESSFULLY MEETING UNIVERSAL AND DEVELOPMENT SELF-
CARE REQUISITES IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF PRIMARY
CARE PREVENTION AND ILL HEALTH.
• A PERSON'S KNOWLEDGE OF POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IS
NEEDED FOR PROMOTING SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS.
• SELF-CARE AND DEPENDENT- CARE ARE BEHAVIORS LEARNED
WITHIN A SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT.
 CHAPTER
SUMMARY
Self-Care
Actions directed toward the provision of self-care.
Requisites
THE THREE CATEGORIES OF SELF CARE
REQUISITES ARE:

• UNIVERSAL
• DEVELOPMENTAL
• HEALTH DEVIATION
 CHAPTER
SUMMARY
THE NURSING PROCESS IN THIS MODEL HAS THREE PARTS.
FIRST IS THE ASSESSMENT, WHICH COLLECTS DATA TO
DETERMINE THE PROBLEM OR CONCERN THAT NEEDS TO
BE ADDRESSED. THE NEXT STEP IS THE DIAGNOSIS AND
CREATION OF A NURSING CARE PLAN. THE THIRD AND
FINAL STEP OF THE NURSING PROCESS IS
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION. THE NURSE SETS
THE HEALTH CARE PLAN INTO MOTION TO MEET THE
GOALS SET BY THE PATIENT AND HIS OR HER HEALTH
CARE TEAM, AND, WHEN FINISHED, EVALUATE THE
 CHAPTER
SUMMARY
OREM (1955) IDENTIFIED EIGHT FIELDS OF KNOWLEDGE
ESSENTIAL FOR UNDERSTANDING NURSING PRACTICE.
THESE INCLUDE: (1) SOCIOLOGY, (2)
PROFESSION/OCCUPATION, (3) JURISPRUDENCE, (4)
HISTORY, (5) ETHICS, (6) ECONOMICS. (7)
ADMINISTRATION, AND (8) NURSING SCIENCE - THE
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NURSING PRACTICE CREATED BY
NURSES THROUGH SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS THAT
YIELD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FIELD OF NURSING
AND PROVIDE FOUNDATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.
 CHAPTER
SUMMARY
ONE OF THE BENEFITS OF DOROTHEA OREM'S SELF-
CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY IS THAT IT CAN EASILY
BE APPLIED TO A VARIETY OF NURSING SITUATIONS AND
PATIENTS. THE GENERALITY OF ITS PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS MAKE IT EASILY ADAPTABLE TO DIFFERENT
SETTINGS, AND NURSES AND PATIENTS CAN WORK
TOGETHER TO ENSURE
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