GAS

LAWS
Presented by: Mariane N. Camitog

Illustration by S
mart-Servier Med
ical Art
Which is a type of energy makes
solid particles to be closed
together in a fixed and regular
position?

Answer: POTENTIAL ENERGY

Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
 At which phase of matter where
particles vibrate?

Answer: SOLID

Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art

 Which physical state is
characterized by potential energy
and kinetic energy of about the
same magnitude?
Answer: LIQUID
Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
 Which state of matter does the
attractive forces between particles
is weak?

Answer: GAS
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Which is a type of energy makes
the particles to move in any
direction?

Answer: KINETIC ENERGY

Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :
01 explain the relationship between volume, pressure,
temperature and amount of gas particles.
02 describe the differences of ideal gas and real gas

03 solve problems applying Gas Laws

04 recognize the importance of gas Laws through their real-

life applications.
Table of contents
01 Avogadro’s Law 05 Charles’s Law

02 Graham’s Law of Effusion 06 Gay-Lussac’s Law

Combined Gas
03 Dalton’s Law of Partial 07 Law
Pressure
04 Boyle’s Law 08 Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas
• Imaginary gas whose behavior
perfectly fits all the assumptions of
kinetic molecular theory.
• It obeys the ideal Gas Law
• Does not exist in the environment.
Real Gas
• Exist in the environment.
• Obeys gas laws at high temperature
• They assume that as pressure increases, the
volume of the gas becomes very small and
approaches zero.
• It has intermolecular force.
 Avogadro’s Law
• States that for a gas
with constant
temperature and
pressure, the volume
and number of moles
are directly related. Amadeo Avogadro
Physicist
From Turin, Italy
 Avogadro’s Law

Whereas:
– initial volume
- final volume
– initial number of moles Amadeo Avogadro
– final number of moles Physicist
From Turin, Italy
5.00 L of a gas is known to contain
0.965 mol. If the amount of gas is
increased to 1.80 mol, what new
volume will result (at an
unchanged temperature and
pressure)?
Given:
– 5.0L
-?
– 0.965 mol
– 1.80 of mol
Solution:

(5.0L)(1.80mol = ()(0.965mol)
=
= 9.3L
A cylinder with a movable piston contains
2.00g of helium at room temperature.
More helium was added to the cylinder
and the volume was adjusted so that the
gas pressure remained the same. How
many grams of helium were added to the
cylinder if the volume was change from
2.00 L to 2.70 L?
Given:
– 2.00 L
- 2.70 L
– 2.00 g
Solution:
He = 1 x 4.00 g/mol = 4.00 g/mol
Solution:
Solution:

( 2.0L)(n2) = (2.70L)(0.5mol)

=
Solution:

0.675mol)(4.00g/mol)
Mass is grams = 2.7g
Solution:

Mass added = mass 2 – mass 1

Mass added = 2.7 g – 2.00 g

Final answer = 0.700 g He added

 Graham’s Law
• Effusion is the process by which
a gas under pressure escapes from
one compartment of a container to
another by passing through a
small opening.

• Diffusion is the gradual mixing of Thomas Graham

different gases by random Chemist
Glasgow, UK
molecular motion and collision
Graham’s Law
• Formula:

r1 = rate or velocity of the gas 1

r2 = rate or velocity pf the gas 2
MM1 = molar mass of the gas 1 Thomas Graham
MM2 = molar mass of the gas 2 Chemist
Glasgow, UK
 If a gas effuses 4.25 times faster
than iodine gas, what is its molar
mass?
Given:
=1
= 4.25
=?

Molar mass =
[

I: 2 x 126.90 g/mol = 253.80 g/mol

Given:
=1
= 4.25
=?

Molar mass =
[

I: 2 x 126.90 g/mol = 253.80 g/mol

𝑟
𝑟
1

2
=
√ 𝑀𝑀
𝑀𝑀
2

1
 𝑀𝑀 2
0 . 554 =
4 . 25
 If 0.09490 mole of NH3 in 881.0
seconds, how many seconds would it
take for the same number of moles of
B2H6 to effuse?
Given:
Molar mass =

Molar mass NH3

N: 1 x 14.01 g/mol = 14.01 g/mol

H: 3 x 1.01 g/mol = 3.03 g/mol
Molar mass = 17.04 g/mol
Given:
Molar mass =

Molar mass of B2H6

B: 2 x 10.81 g/mol = 21.62 g/mol

H: 6 x 1.01 g/mol = 6.06 g/mol

Molar mass = 27.68 g/mol

𝑟
𝑟
1

2
=
√ 𝑀𝑀
𝑀𝑀
2

1
 − 8
1 . 1 x 10 27 . 68 g / mol
=
( 𝑟 2)
2
17 . 04 g / mol
 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
Rate =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
 Dalton’s Law
• The total pressure in a
container is the sum of the
pressure each gas would
exert if it were alone in the
container.
John Dalton
Chemist & Physicist
Eaglesfield, Cumberland,
England
Dalton’s Law
Mathematically expressed
as:
…

John Dalton
Chemist & Physicist
Eaglesfield, Cumberland,
England
A container holds three gases: oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and helium. The partial
pressure of the three gases are 2.00 atm,
3.00 atm, and 4.00 atm, respectively. What
is the total pressure (in atm) inside the
container?
Given:

( = 2.00 atm
( = 3.00 atm
( = 4.00 atm

2.00 atm + 3.00 atm + 4.00 atm = 9.00 atm

A gas mixture contains hydrogen, helium,
neon and argon. The total pressure of the
mixture is 93.6 kPa. The partial pressures
of helium, neon and argon are 15.4 kPa,
25.7 kPa, and 35.6 kPa, respectively. What
is the pressure extended by the hydrogen?
Given:
(=?
( = 15.4 kPa
( = 25.7 kPa
( = 35.6 kPa
Solution:
 Gay-Lussac’s
Law
• At constant volume
temperature and
pressure is directly
proportional.
Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac
Experimentalist
Lomoges, France
Gay-Lussac’s
Law
P = kT or

John Dalton
Chemist & Physicist
Eaglesfield, Cumberland,
England
An argon is an inert gas used in lightbulbs
to retard the vaporization of the tungsten
filament. A certain lightbulb containing
argon at 1.20 atm and 18°C is heated to
85°C at constant volume. Calculate its
final pressure (in mmHg).
Given:
= 1.20 atm
= 18°C + 273.15 = 291.15K
= 85°C + 273.15 = 358.15K
=?
Solution:

(1.20atm)(358.15) = (291.15K)
Solution: (Conversion)
At 10°C, a gas exerts 0.95
atm of pressure. At what
temperature will exert a
pressure of 0.75 atm?
Given:
= 0.95 atm
= 0.75 atm
= 10°C + 273.15 = 283.15K
=?
Solution:

(0.95 atm)() = (0.75atm)(283.15K)

Solution:

223.54 K
Combined Gas
Law
Combination of Boyle’s Law,
Charles’ Law and Gay-Lussac’s
Law.
Combined Gas
Law
Formula:
A small bubble rises from the bottom of a
lake, where the temperature and pressure
are 8°C and 6.4 atm, to the water’s
surface, where the temperature is 25°C
and the pressure is 1.0 atm. Calculate the
final volume in (mL) of the bubble if its
initial volume was 2.1 mL.
Given:
= 6.4 atm
= 1.0 atm
= 2.1 mL
= 10°C + 273.15 = 281.15K
= 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15K
Solution:

)
Solution:

= 14mL
A sample of oxygen gas occupies a
volume of 1620 mL at 755 mmHg
pressure and temperature of 0°C.
What volume (in L), will this gas
occupies at 725 mmHg pressure
and 50°C temperature?
Given:
= 755 mmHg
= 725 mmHg
= 1620 mL 1.62 L
= 0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K
= 50°C + 273.15 = 323.15K
Solution:
Solution:

2.00 L
 Ideal Gas Law
• Combination of
Boyle’s law,
Charles’ Law, Gay-
Lussac’s Law &
Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron
Avogadro’s Law. Physicist & Engineer
Paris, France
 Ideal Gas Law
• describes the relationship
of the four variables –
temperature, volume,
pressure and number of
moles, that are affecting Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron
the behavior gases. Physicist & Engineer
Paris, France
Ideal Gas Law

• PV = nRT

Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron

Physicist & Engineer
Paris, France
Ideal Gas Law
P - pressure
V - volume
n – number of moles
R – 0.082057
T - temperature Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron
Physicist & Engineer
Paris, France
Ideal Gas Law
P - pressure
V - volume
n – number of moles
R – 0.082057
T - temperature Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron
Physicist & Engineer
Paris, France
Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless,
odorless, very unreactive gas.
Calculate the pressure (in atm)
exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in
a steel vessel of volume 5.43L at
69.58°C.
Given:
V – 5.43 L
n – 1.82 mol
R – 0.082057
T - 69.58°C+273.15 = 342.73 K
P-?
 Solution:
PV = nRT
P(5.43L) = (1.82mol)(0.082057)(342.73K)

¿¿
Solution:
PV = nRT
P=

P = 9.426 atm
The colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
carbon monoxide, is a by-product of
incomplete combustion of any material
that contains the element carbon.
Calculate the volume, in liters, occupied
by 1.52 moles of this gas at 0.992 atm
pressure and a temperature of 65°C.
Given:
P – 0.992 atm
n – 1.52 mol
R – 0.082057
T - 65°C+273.15 = 338.15 K
V–?
 Solution:
PV = nRT
(0.992 atm)V = (1.52 mol)(0.082057)(338.15K)

( 0 . 992 atm ) V
=¿ ¿
0 . 992 atm
Solution:
PV = nRT
V=
V = 42.5 L
 Real-Life
Application!!