Resion behind

the anoestrous in
cattle
Dr. Anoop Singh (M.V.Sc)
There are many factors causing infertility:
1. Anatomical causes.
2. Physiological (Functional) causes.
3. Infectious causes.
4. Managemental causes.
Functional cause of infertility:

 Anoestrus.

 Repeat oestrus cycle.

Anoestrus:
It is a period of complete absence of
sexual cycles and estrus.
Anoestrus:
Cattle is normally anoestrus:
 prepuberty.
 pregnancy.
 Postpartum anoestrus.
Anoestrus:
There are three types of anoestrus:
 True anoestrus.
 Anoestrus associated with persistent
corpus luteum.
 Anoestrus associated with cystic ovaries.
True anoestrus (inactive ovaries)
in this conditions, there is insufficient
pituitary stimulation to cause
development of ovarian follicle.
Both ovaries are small and may be some
follicle present.
The main causes of true anoestrus:
 Insufficient energy or bad nutrition.
 Production level of milk (postpartum
anoestrus in high yielding dairy cows
was observed more than in other cows).
 Suckling (suckling frequency is the
principal inhibitory factor for a return to
normal cyclicity).
The main causes of true anoestrus:
 Any chronic diseases such as internal
parasites, John’s disease, chronic
peritonitis.
 A deficiency of any dietary content such
as iron, copper, cobalt manganese,
iodine, phosphorus and vit. A.
Treatment of true anoestrus:

 GnRH.

 FSH.
Silent heat or suboestrus:
 In this condition the genital organs are in
normal cyclical functions but the
behavioural signs of the estrus are not
seen.
 This cases are differentiated by rectal
palpation, ovary in normal size and
presence of developing or mature
follicles or corpus luteum.
Silent heat or suboestrus:
 Repeated examination of the cow
increase the possible detection of estrus.
 Daily rectal examination of subestrus
cows is recommended.
 Increase the time of observation is very
important to detect these cases or using
the bull to detect the cyclic cows.
Anoestrus associated with persistent
corpus luteum:
 In normal estrus cycle, when pregnancy
not occur, the corpus luteum regress and
begin another cycle.
 In some cases the corpus luteum persist
and leading to anoestrus.
Anoestrus with persistent corpus luteum:
1. Early embryonic death:
 In this cases the corpus luteum of
pregnancy persist until the embryo is
aborted or resorbed.
Anoestrus with persistent corpus luteum:
2. Mummification of fetus:
 This occurs in cases of fetal death without
involution of the corpus luteum and fetal
expulsion, followed by autolytic changes,
absorption of the fetal fluids.
 In this cases the corpus luteum may persist
for many months until natural, therapeutic
or surgical evacuation of the uterus.
Anoestrus with persistent corpus luteum:
3. Fetal Maceration:
 This occurs in cases of fetal death with
bacterial infection leading to gradual
maceration of the fetus.
 In this cases the corpus luteum persist for
many months with chronic mucopurulent
vulval discharge.
Anoestrus with persistent corpus luteum:
4. Pyometra:
 In this cases the cavity of the uterus contain
pus and the volume of the pus increased
with time.
 The corpus luteum persist and causing
prolonged the anoestrus.
Anoestrus with persistent corpus luteum:
4. Pyometra:
This occurs:
 In some cases of embryonic death
complicated with uterine infection.
 Post partum uterine infection.
 Post service uterine infection.
Anoestrus associated with cystic ovaries:

 Anoestrus in cow sometime associated with

a cystic ovary.
 By rectal palpation, one ovary is enlarged
due to the excessive development of luteal
tissue.
 Without treatment the cow may be still
anoestrus for more than one year.
Repeat estrus cycle:

There are two types of repeat estrus cycle:

1. Regular repeat estrus cycle.

2. Irregular repeat estrus cycle.

Regular repeat estrus cycle
(The repeat breeder cow):

 The repeat breeder is one of the most

economically important type of infertility in
farm animals.
Regular repeat estrus cycle
(The repeat breeder cow):

 The repeat breeder cow is defined as a

normally cyclic cow, with no clinical
abnormalities, which has failed to conceive
after several (usually three or more)
inseminations.
Regular repeat estrus cycle
(The repeat breeder cow):

There are two main causes of repeat breeder

cows:
1. Failure of fertilization.
2. Early embryonic death.
(The repeat breeder cow):
1. Failure of fertilization
a.Infertile bull.
b.Insemination at the wrong time.
c.Unefficient inseminator.
d.Bad or poor semen quality
e.Delay or an ovulation.
f.Pathological changes in the bursa or
oviduct.
(The repeat breeder cow):
2. Early embryonic death
a.Chromosomal abnormalities or lethal
genotypes
b.Subclinical endometritis.
c.Insufficient corpus luteum function
d.Nutritional deficiency.
Irregular repeat estrus cycle:

 The normal interval between estrus cycle in

cows is about 21 days.
 In this cases the interval between the cycle
become short and irregular.
 This case occur due to presence of a
follicular cyst on the ovary.