Welcome to all of you

fodder production Training

programme
 Fodder Crops

• Cereal Crops
– Maize (Zea mays)
– Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
– Bajra (Pennisetum Triphoides)
– Oats (Avena sativa)
– Hy. Napier (Pennisetum perpurium)
• Legume crops
– Lucerne (Medicago sativa)
– Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)
– Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata)
– Stylo (Stylosanthes hamata)
– Ricebean(vigna umbelata)

Dec 8, 2023 2
Important Points for Quality Fodder Production
• Forage seeds are small. Depth of sowing should not be
more than 2 cm
• Seeds can be sown any time during the year except winter
season
• Planting of root slips should preferably be taken up during
monsoon
• Growing at least one cereal fodder crop, one legume and
one fodder tree would help to harvest quality fodder
through out the year
• Fodder species should be selected based on the purpose
and the site (waste lands, bunds, slopes, boundaries etc.)
of planting in the field
• Fifty percent flowering is the best indicator to harvest the
crop for getting quality fodder

Dec 8, 2023 3
Important Points for Quality Fodder Production

• Planting of fodder trees along the field boundary would

help to suffice summer requirement of fodder
• Excess fodder produced during rainy season could be
preserved as hay and be used at later stage
• Cutting of crops at right time will help to get quality fodder
and to utilize efficiently
• Backyard, waterways, field bunds, tree rows, tree basins
can be used to cultivate fodder by the small farmer
• Chaffing of harvested fodder before feeding helps efficient
utilization in terms of intake by animals
• The grass and legume should be fed to the livestock in the
ratio of 75:25

Dec 8, 2023 4
Maize (Zea mays)
Soil type Medium to
heavy
Land 1Ploughing,
preparation 2-3 harrowing
Sowing time/ June to
Planting season February
Spacing(cm) 25 line sowing

Improved African Tall

varieties
Seed rate 50-55
(kg/ha)
Fertilizers ,FYM 100: 50:40,
(NPK kg/ha) 10-15Mt
Irrigation 4-5
Harvesting After 70-80
Nutritive value
days
Crude protein – 8.8%
Yield 50-65
Carbohydrates – 54.8%
(t/ha)
Dec 8, 2023 5
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Soil type Sandy loam to

loamy
Land preparation Ploughing,
2-3 harrowing
Sowing time / March-April,
Planting season June-August
Spacing 25-30
(cm) line sowing
Improved H.C136, MP chari
varieties and Maldandi, ,
Seed rate 40-50
(kg/ha)
Fertilizers ,FYM 100: 50:40
( NPK kg/ha) 8-10Mt
Irrigation 3-4
Harvesting 55-60 days A.S Nutritive value
Crude protein – 7.8%
Yield 400-450 Carbohydrates – 43.3%
Dec 8, 2023
(t/ha) 6
Bajra (Pennisetum americanum)

Soil type Sandy loam to loamy with

drainage
Land 1 Ploughing,2-3 harrowing
preparation
Sowing time/ Jan to Feb ,
Planting season June to August
Spacing(cm) 25 line sowing

Improved BAIF Bajra-1

varieties Giant Bajra

Seed rate 5-6

(kg/ha)
irrigation 3-4
Fertilizers (NPK 80:40:40,8-10 MT
kg/ha)FYM
Harvesting 1st 50-60 days and 2nd and
3rd after 40 days Nutritive value
Yield 45-55 Crude protein – 7.8-9.8%
Dec 8, 2023
(t/ha) 7
Oats (Avena sativa)
Soil type sandy loam to loamy

Land preparation Ploughing,

2-3 harrowing
Sowing time/ November to
Planting season December
Spacing 25 line sowing
(cm)
Improved varieties Kent,JHO-822

Seed rate (kg/ha) 80-100

Irrigation 5-6

Fertilizers, (NPK 80:50:40,10-15Mt

kg/ha)FYM
Harvesting time 1st cut 50days 2nd Nutritive value
cut40days Proteins – 8-10%
Yield 45-50 Digestibility – 65-70%
(t/ha)
Dec 8, 2023 8
Hybrid Napier(Pennisetum americanum X Pennisetum purpureum)
Soil type Loamy to clayey
Land preparation Ploughing,
2 harrowing
Sowing time/ Feb to August
Planting season
Spacing(cm) 60 X 60

Improved varieties BNH-10

Seed rate (kg/ha) 28000 sets

Irrigation 12-15
FYM,Fertilizers 8-10Mt
(NPK kg/ha) 80:60:50and40NAft
er each cutting
Yield 200-210
(t/ha) (8 cuts/year)
Harvesting time 1st cut after 60days Nutritive value
sub cut 40 days Crude protein – 9-10%
Digestibility 60-65%
Dec 8, 2023 9
Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)

Soil type Loamy to

clayey
Land preparation Ploughing,
2-3 harrowing
Sowing time/ November
Planting season
Spacing 25
(cm) line sowing
Improved varieties Wardan

Seed rate (kg/ha) 20-25

Fertilizers, 20:50:40,8-
(NPK kg/ha)FYM 10Mt
Irrigation 6-8

Cutting 1st 60 days ,

sub cut 35days Nutritive value
Crude protein – 14 -18%
Yield 60-80
(t/ha)
Dec 8, 2023 (3 -4 cuts) 10
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Soil type Medium

Land Ploughing,
preparation 2-3 harrowing
Sowing time/ March to
Planting August
season
Spacing 40-45
(cm) line sowing
Improved EC-4216,
varieties UPC-9202,
UPC-618
Seed rate 35-40
(kg/ha)
Fertilizers (NPK 15:90:30,
kg/ha),FYm 8-10Mt
irrigation 2-3
Harvesting 55-65 Nutritive value
Crude protein - 16%
Yield 150-200 Sugars – 40.3%
(t/ha)
Dec 8, 2023 11
 RICEBEAN(Vigna umbellata)
Soil Sandy loam to
loamy with
Drainage
Land preparation 1ploughing ,2Disci
ng
F.Y.M and 10-15MtFYMand
fertilizer/Ha 80:50:40NPK
Sowing time Jul-Aug
Variety Bidhan-1
Seed rate/Ha 30(kg)
Sowing method Line sowing
Rich quality
spacing 45cm protein(methionine and
Irrigation 2-3 tryptophan),Quality of
Harvesting After 60- 65days Vit(thaimine,Niacine,Ribo
Dec 8, 2023 flavine)Rich Ca and Fe 12
Production 125Qt/Ha
Stylo (Stylosanthes hamata)

Soil type Light to medium

Land preparation Ploughing,

1 Harrowing
Sowing time/ June to August
Planting season
Spacing 50
(cm) line sowing
Improved varieties RS-95

Seed rate (kg/ha) 10

Fertilizers (NPK 0:50:0

kg/ha)
Harvesting 1st 65days and
sub cut 45 days Nutritive value
Crude protein – 12-18%
Yield 25-35(2-3
(t/ha)
Dec 8, 2023 cuts/season) Digestibility 60-65% 13
 Fodder Trees

Dec 8, 2023 14
Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala)
•Evergreen hardy shrub
•Grows in annual rainfall range of 500-2000 mm
•Highly drought tolerant
•Can tolerate saline and acidic soils but not water
logged conditions
•Can be preserved as hay or leaf meal
•Very high nutritive quality for ruminant livestock
•High productive on suitable soils
•Produces multiple products in wide range of
farming system
Soil Infertile, acidic, sandy surface
soils, onto more alkaline soils
Establishment By seed
Sowing time July-Aug
Seed Rate 3-4 kg/ha
Spacing 60x60cm
Fertilizers 10-20kgP/ha planting and after Nutritive value
every 2-3 years Crude protein – 20-25 %;
Cuts 1st 150-180 days ,sub cut 75- Digestibility 55-70%
Dec 8, 2023 90days 2-3 cuts per season 15
Yield (t/ha) 25-30 T/ha in 3 cuts
 Importance of Fodder production
Tentat Output
Technical ive
intervention Specification Cost Value of output
Fodder 1.6 line Oat+ 3 3 Kg/m2, Oat-11 to 12 % C.P, Barseem -
demonstration line Berseem, Protein-15 to 18 % ,Calcium-
combination 2.89%, Phosphorous-0.40%,
2. 2 line Maize+ 5 Kg/m2, Maize- 9 to 10 % C.P , Cow
1 Line Cowpea, pea- 15 to 18 % Crude protein

3. 2 line bajra+ 1 5
line Cowpea Kg/m2, Bajra -8 to 9 % C.P Cow pea- 15
to 18 % Crude protein
4. 2 Line
Sorghum + 1 line 5
Cowpea Kg/m2, Sorghum- 7 to 8 % C.P Cow
pea- 15 to 18 % Crude protein
5.Hybrid
Dec 8, 2023 Napier 20 16

Kg/m2 Hy. Napier-CP- 9 to 10 %,

Berseem, Oat + berseem& oat
 CHAFF CUTTER
COST 6500-7000
WEIGHT(Kg) 78-80
MATERIAL TYPE 75%COST
IRON
DM CHAFFING/H 45-50Kg
Wheal weight(kg) 24-25
Mouth Weight(kg) 32-33
Stand weight(kg) 10-12

Energy saving, Improve

intake, improve
Digestibility

Dec 8, 2023 18
 CHAFF CUTTER IMPORTANCE
Cost Materia Quantity of fodder saved and Rs saved Benefits
ls
Minimum saving of paddy straw by A.Improve in
chaffing about 20-25 %,Minimum 10 health of the
farmers chaffed per day minimum for animal because
one animal per farmar,Total paddy of saving in
straw saved per day about 35 Kg for energyof
Chaffed 10 farmers/ 10 animals, Cost of paddy animal for
Rs.
dry and straw Rs. 2 per kg, Saves cost of biting and
7000
green paddy straw about Rs.70 per day. If chewing of
/-
fodder 10 farmers chaffed for 10 animals fodder
regularly in a month they will save Rs.
2100/- per month and if they chaffe B. About 1/3
for a year regularly they will get about fodder saved
Dec 8, 2023 19
Rs. 25200/- by use of chaff
 ENRICHMENT
Paddy Straw(Kg) 100
Molasus(kg) 4
Urea(kg) 2
Salt(kg) 1
Mineral mixture(kg) 1
Water (lt) 40-50
opening After 21 days
C.P Availability Before treatment 0.5%

C.P. Availability 4%

Increase protein
Dec 8,availability
2023 and palatibility 20
 Importance of Enrichment
SIZE CO Nutritiv BENIFITS
ST e value

Generally Crude protein available in paddy straw only 0.5

%,After enrichment of paddy straw Crude protein availability
raised4% which increased up to 3.5 %,One animal feed 6 Kg
After enriched paddy straw which cost about Rs.7.32/-,Available of
Bag size-4
enrichmen crude protein through 6 Kg enriched pady straw about210
X 4X4
t of paddy gm,Cots of 210 gm crude protein Rs. 7.32/- ,1 Kg Concentrates
feet,
straw cost about Rs. 16/- and crude protein content about 18
Capacity-
Rs. Crude % .Available of crude protein through 1 Kg concentrates 180
3-4
600/- protein gm.Cost of 180 gm crude protein Rs. 16/-.Through 6 Kg enriched
Qtls,150
availability paddy straw animal get 210 gms crude protein which cost about
GSM
4% which only Rs. 7.32/- but through 1 Kg concentrates animal get only 180
Silpauline
increased gms protein and which cost very high about Rs. 16/-.enrichment
sheet
by 3.5 % of low quality paddy straw found to be very beneficial than
feeding of concentrates to the animals. Replaced 1 Kg
Dec 8, 2023 concentrates saves about 9 rupees per animal per day. 21
 Azolla
Family
Species
Silpouline sheet size 9x6 feet
Fertile soil(kg) 35-40
Cow dung(kg) 4-5,2 day old
Super phosphate 50gm
Suitable temperature Below 30 c

Sunlight Shaded type

Water 11-12 cm
Harvesting start After 8 days
Production/day 700-800gm Nutritive value
Water change Yellow ,Azolla crude protein-25-35%
Dec 8, 2023
good quantity of vitamins 22
and Minerals
 BENEFITS OF AZOLLA
size COST PRODUCTIO BENIFITS
N

Crude Protein- 25 to 35 % on dry matter basis,

Pit Good quality of minerals and Vitamins,
size- Normally 1 Kg concentrate is replaced by 1 Kg of
9X 6 dried Azolla, Concentrate replaced 1 kg by
feet,1 feeding of 1 kg dried Azolla. Cost of 1 kg
50- Rs.450/ 700 to 1000 concenntrates is about Rs. 16,Cost saved of
200 - gms/day/pit concentrates about 16 per day by feeding of
GSM Azolla, In a month saved about 480 ruppes , In
Silpau a 10 months saved about minimum 4800
line rupees .
sheet
Dec 8, 2023 23
 FEEDING TROUGH
Material Concrete, cement, sand
used and iron wire
Capacity 40-50 lt

Height 25-30cm

Width 50-60 cm

GI wire 2-4

Shape Round or Oval

Fodder wastage
saving14% , 2 kg per
day Rs 3-4 per day
Dec 8, 2023 24
 Benefits of Manger
Size cost Fodder saved Benefits

Feeding trough saves about 2

Size- Height Kg dry fodder as if we use
12 inch, feeding trough for feeding of
Saves 2Kg
width-22 animals. Generally if we feed
Rs. fodder /
inch with 15 Kg fodder without feeding
300/- feeding
4 GI wier, trough and with the use of
trough/day
Capacity- 40- feeding trough we can feed
50 Lit only 13 Kg fodder to the
animals of 400 Kg body wt..
Dec 8, 2023 25
THANK