Chemical Bonding

Ross M. Reyes
Terminologies
• Valence shell - the outermost shell of an atom containing the valence
electrons.
• Octet rule - refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight
electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight
electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds.
• Anion - a negatively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to
the anode in electrolysis.
• Cation - a positively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to
the cathode in electrolysis.
Do you know this man?
How does ionic bonding occur?
What is Chemical Bonds
• A chemical bond is a
lasting attraction between
atoms, ions or molecules
that enables the formation
of chemical compounds
 IONIC BONDS

 Electrons are transferred

 Electronegativity differences are generally
greater than 1.7
 Ionic substances are formed when an atom
that loses electrons relatively easily react with
an atom that has a high affinity for electrons.
 are formed by the attraction of oppositely
charged ions.
 The formation of ionic bonds is always
exothermic
Covalent bonds

• Often found between two nonmetals.

• Typical of molecular species.
• Atoms bonded together to form molecules.
• Strong attraction.
• Atoms share pairs of electrons to attain octets.
• Molecules generally weakly attracted to each
other.
 Metallic bonds

• Metallic bonds are the forces of

attraction between free-floating
valance electrons and positively
charged metal cations.
• In metal, cations are packed closely
together
• The loosely held valence electrons of
the metal atoms form a sea of
electrons that drift freely from one
part of the metal to another
• The overall charge of metal is neutral
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEMICAL
BONDS
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CHEMICAL
BOND EXISTING BETWEEN THESE
COMPOUNDS.
• 1. CH4
• 2. CO2
• 3. H2O
• 4. NaCl
• 5. CaCO3
• 6. NaF
• 7. KCl
• 8. SO3
• 9. CCl4
• 10. KF
• 11. AgNO3
• 12. CaCl2
• 13. HCl
• 14. NH3
• 15. PCl3