GREEN ENERGY WITH PALM OIL

UPDATED INDONESIA BIODIESEL B20

Seminar Nasional “Chemical Engineering Special Event”

Politeknik LPP Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta, 27 February 2019

Irma Rachmania Santoso

Indonesia Biofuels Producer Association / IBPA
Outline

1. INDONESIA AGRICULTURE MACRO INDICATORS

2. BIODIESEL FOR ENVIRONTMENT

3. PALM OIL INDONESIA

4. BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES

5. CHALLENGES

6. FACT & CONCLUSIONS

2
INDONESIA AGRICULTURE MACRO INDICATORS

3
BIODIESEL FOR ENVIRONTMENT

BIODIESEL FOR ENVIRONTMENT

BIODIESEL
PROGRAM

Source. APROBI
4
Significant B20 Contribution
to GHG Emission Reduction Target

BIODIESEL FOR ENVIRONTMENT

Emission reduction target for 2020 from Energy and Transportation sector is
38 Million Ton CO2eq
2019*

2018
31%
27%
2016 11.9 Mil Ton CO2eq
Reduction

21% 2017 10.58 Mil Ton CO2eq

Reduction

16%
7.98 Mil Ton CO2eq
Reduction

6.88 Mil Ton CO2eq

Reduction

Source, APROBI December 2018

*Projection 2019
5
 Vegetable Oil Comparisons

PALM OIL INDONESIA

5%
Global Planted Area
for Palm Oil
31%
Global Market Share
for Palm Oil

Sources, Oil World 2018

6
 PALM OIL INDONESIA
5%
Global Planted Area
for Palm Oil
31%
Global Market Share
for Palm Oil

7
PALM OIL INDONESIA
Biodiesel Mandatory

BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES
Source. Desmet Ballestra
9
II. Bio-Diesel Road Map

(For Refreshing of Bio-Diesel Implementation Plan)

1
3 Minister Dec. No. 12/3.2015

15
%

1. B15 Implementation Progress

To support B15 implementation, government issued President Decree No.
61/2015 for Beneficiary of Palm Farm (May 2015).
Then, distribution of B15 to all Indonesia area is started from October 2015.
We will keep monitoring in market
BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES PROJECTION

BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES
• Domestic 13Mton
2019 – 48 M Ton • Export 35Mton

• Domestic 10Mton
2015 – 32 M Ton • Export 20Mton

• Domestic used 6Mton

2011 – 23 M Ton
• Export 17Mton

Sources, APROBI 2018 11

Biodiesel Process
Biodiesel Process METHANOL WATER
(Recycle) (Recycle)

Glycerine Methanol Glycerine

PALM OIL Reaction
Treatment Recovery Evaporation

Washing + CRUDE
FATTY MATTER GLYCERINE
Drying

CRUDE
BIODIESEL
Cold Filtration Process
Cold BIODIESEL
Filtration
Conditioning (TC < 20ppm)

SPENT CAKE
 Biodiesel Industry Installed Capacity
(kilo liters)

12,000,000 KL
11.621.204

BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES
10,000,000

8,000,000

19
Companies
Feedstock: Palm Oil
6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

-
006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Source, APROBI

13
Indonesia Biodiesel Industry

BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES
Sources, MEMR June 2017
14
Upcoming Indonesia Biofuels Industry
To develop the Advanced Biofuels

BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES
• Projection in 2019, domestic 6 million KL and export 1.8
Biodiesel million KL.
• B30 test in progress for implementation this year

Product • Bio Jet Fuel/Bio Avtur

• Hydrogenated Biodiesel
Development • Biomass-based Biofuels

• Cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin

Feedstock • Micro algae
• Biomass, Crop residue

• Unique technologies and processes that transform a wide

range of plant, waste, and cellulosic molecules into
Technology hydrocarbon molecules like those produced at
conventional refineries

Source, APROBI
15
CHALLENGES
Biodiesel Quality
To meet the transportation technology demand, we are always
renewing/improving our Biodiesel Quality Standard and Technology.

CHALLENGES
Pricing policy
We have a Palm oil Fund Institution to support the B20 implementation

Trade Barriers & Protectionism

EU RED II, US RFS 2, Subsidy and Anti Dumping cases from EU and US, EU
Parliament resolutions on Palm Oil and Biodiesel, it causes a barrier for
technology growth.

India cuts import duty for CPO stands at 40% from 44%.

A tax on refined palm oil was cut to 50% from 54% if imported from Indonesia or
other ASEAN countries. We anticipate the import duty will be the same as
Malaysia at 45%
16
Source, APROBI December 2018
 FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Biodiesel 20% = ~ 4 million KL Consumed (~25

FACTS & CONCLUSIONS

million barrel of crude oil) in 2018
19 Producers:
11.6 Mil KL Installed Capacity

~300,000 jobs in the industry

Increasing the farmers’ Income

Reducing ~10.58 Mil Ton CO2eq

(27% from Energy & Transportation Target) in 2018

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Biodiesel ( B-100 )
 BBN yang dibuat dari bahan baku minyak lemak yang berasal dari tumbuhan/hewan
 Minyak nabati sebagai bahan baku biodiesel berasal dari berbagai tanaman :

Kelapa Sawit Kedelai Rapeseed Kelapa Jarak (Jatropha)

Nyamplung Biji Malapari/ kranji (Pongamia Tanaman Kapok Biji Nimba

(Calophyllum inophyllum) Pinnata) (Ceiba pentandra) (Azadirachta indica)
Proses Produksi Biodiesel (B-100)
Karakteristik Biodiesel (B-100)
 Memiliki angka Setana tinggi ( > 51)
 Viskositas berada dalam rentang yang sama dengan minyak Solar
 Sifat lubrisitas yang baik
 Kandungan sulfur yang jauh lebih rendah dari minyak Solar
 Nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi
 Emisi yang lebih rendah untuk particulate matter, HC dan CO
 Bersifat polar
 Titik nyala lebih tinggi dari minyak Solar
 Bereaksi dengan udara sehingga kestabilan oksidasi perlu dipertimbangkan
Parameter Penting dalam Biodiesel
Spesifikasi B-0, B-100, dan B-XX
SPESIFIKASI MUTU MINYAK SOLAR 48 (B-0)
SK DIRJEN MIGAS NO. 28.K/10/DJM.T.2016

SPESIFIKASI MUTU BIODIESEL(B-100)

SK DIRJEN EBTKE NO. 723/K/DJE/2013

SPESIFIKASI CAMPURAN B-0 DAN B-100

(B-XX) OLEH DITJEN MIGAS UNTUK
PENCAMPURAN < 50%
 Batasan
No Karakteristik Satuan Metode Uji
Min Max
Bilangan Cetana, Angka ASTM
1 Cetana atau Indeks 48 - D 613
Cetana 45 - D 4737
2 Berat Jenis pada 15°C kg/m³ 815 870 ⁾ D 4052/D1298
3 Viskositas pada 40°C mm²/s 2 4,5 ⁾ D 445
0,35 ¹⁾
0,30 ²⁴⁾ D 5453 atau
4 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0,25 ³⁵⁾ D 4294
SPESIFIKASI 0,05
0,005
MUTU MINYAK 5
Distilasi : 90 % vol.
Penguapan
°C 370 D 86

SOLAR 48 (B-0) 6
7
Titik Nyala
Titik Kabut
°C
°C
52
18 ⁾
D 93

SK DIRJEN MIGAS 8
9
Titik Tuang
Residu Karbon
°C
% m/m -
18
0,1 ⁶
D 97
D 5430
NO. 10
11
Kandungan Air
Kandungan FAME
mg/kg
% v/v
-
-
500
20 ⁷⁾
D 6304
D7806/D7371
28.K/10/DJM.T.2016 12
13
Korosi Bilah Tembaga
Kandungan Abu
merit
% m/m
-
-
Kelas 1
0,01
D 130
D 482
14 Kandungan Sedimen % m/m - 0,01 D 473
15 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/gr - 0,6 D 664
16 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/gr - 0 D 664
17 Penampilan Visual - Jernih dan Terang -
18 Warna No. ASTM - 3 ⁸⁾ D 1500
Lubricity ( HFRR wear scar
19 micron 460 D 6079
dia @60°C )
Kestabilan Oksidasi
20 Metode Rancimat Jam 35 EN 15751
 SIFAT & KARAKTERISTIK
BIODIESEL (B-100) VS FOSSIL DIESEL FUEL/SOLAR (B-0)

BIODIESEL (B-100) FOSSIL DIESEL FUEL (B-0)

Renewable, diproduksi dari minyak nabati Non-renewable, diproduksi dari minyak bumi

Senyawa ester dari asam lemak minyak nabati,

BLENDING Senyawa hidrokarbon
komposisi senyawa jenuh & tidak jenuh (C8 – C18)

Mild Solvent Polar & Water Miscible Non Polar & Water Immiscible

Kandungan sulfur rendah Kandungan sulfur relatif tinggi

Kandungan unsur oksigen dalam biodiesel B-XX Tidak ada oksigen dalam senyawa

Biodegradable Sifat & Not easily degradable

Karakteristik?
Reaksi oksidasi (stabilitas oksidasi << 20-24jam) Stabilitas tinggi
???????
Berpengaruh pada material karet alami, logam Sedikit (hampir tidak) berpengaruh pada karet alami
(katalis) oksidasi , asphalt , logam (katalis oksidasi) & asphalt

Nilai kalor sekitar 37 MJ/kg Nilai kalor sekitar 42 MJ/kg

Titik nyala lebih tinggi  lebih safe storage Titik nyala rendah

Berat jenis lebih tinggi daripada B0 Berat jenis relatif lebih rendah drpd B100

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 BEBERAPA HAL PENTING DALAM
BLENDING & HANDLING BIODIESEL DAN B-XX

• Dalam pencampuran biodiesel (B-100) & minyak diesel (B-0), harus dipastikan :
 Kualitas dari masing-masing bahan bakar (B-100 & B-0) memenuhi
spesifikasi mutu yang ditetapkan.
 Kuantitas B-100 (% volume) dalam campuran dengan jumlah yang tepat.
• Sebelum penggunaan biodiesel atau B-XX, harus dipastikan :
 Tangki storage dan perpipaan bebas dari air dan sludge (pembersihan/drain
air perlu dilakukan).
 Material/parts (gasket, seal dll) sudah kompatibel dengan biodiesel.
• Untuk penyimpanan dalam jangka waktu yang lama, perlu dimonitor kualitasnya
(misalnya setelah 3 bulan untuk kontrol kualitas biodiesel).
• Perlu pembekalan “knowledge” tentang biodiesel dan B-XX.

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FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS

FACTS & CONCLUSIONS

Energy Security Increasing Farmers
and Affordable Income
Supporting the GHG Fulfilling INDC on
Emission Saving Climate Action
Increasing
Workforce
Toward B30

INDC : Intended nationally determined contribution

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 Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel Indonesia/APROBI
Indonesia Biofuels Producer Association/IBPA
11th FL. Multi Vision Tower
Kuningan Mulia 9b,
Jakarta Selatan 12980
T +6221 2938 0882
F +6221 2938 0883
Email, office@aprobi.or.id
www.aprobi.or.id

THANK YOU
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