Earth and Life

Science
ABM 11 Perseverance
 Learning
Competency #16

II. Earth Materials and

Processes
Survey
 Key Terms

Describe what happens after

the magma is formed
( plutonism and volcanism )
 Key Words
Describe what happens after
the magma is formed
( plutonism and volcanism )
 Key Terms

The magma is formed

 Key Words

Describe what happens after

the magma is formed
 Translation

Ilarawan kung ano ang

nangyayari pagkatapos mabuo
ang magma
Questions
What is
magma?
Magma is a hot fluid
or semifluid material
below or within the
earth's crust from
which lava and
other igneous rock is
formed on cooling.
"when red-hot magma
comes into contact
with seawater, an
explosion results“
What happens
when magma is
formed?
 Once it is formed, it moves in an
upward flow because it is less dense
than other rocks under the Earth and
can feed into a volcano or cool and
crystallize into intrusive igneous rock.
If it feeds into a volcano, magma will
eventually erupt and become lava.
How magma
is formed?
Magma is primarily a very hot liquid,
which is called a 'melt. ' It is
formed from the melting of rocks
in the earth's lithosphere, which is
the outermost shell of the earth
made of the earth's crust and
upper part of the mantle, and the
asthenosphere, which is the layer
below the lithosphere.
 Research,
Read, wRite
What is Magma Plutonism and Volcanism

Magma plutonism and volcanism are

two fundamental geological processes
associated with the movement and
behavior of molten rock, or magma,
beneath and on the Earth's surface.

Magma plutonism refers to the

 Plutonism
Magma plutonism refers to the formation of intrusive
igneous rocks through the cooling and solidification of
magma deep within the Earth's crust. Plutonic rocks are often
characterized by their coarse-grained texture, which results
from slow cooling and crystallization deep underground.
Common examples of plutonic rocks include granite, diorite,
and gabbro.
Plutons are the bodies of molten rock that solidify
underground to form plutonic rocks.Plutonic rocks are often
characterized by their coarse-grained texture, which results
from slow cooling and crystallization deep underground.
 Magma rises from the mantle into
the Earth's crust through various
mechanisms, such as mantle
convection, and accumulates in
pockets. As the magma cools
slowly, minerals crystallize, forming
the characteristic coarse-grained
texture of plutonic rocks.
Plutonic rocks often form the core
of mountain ranges and are
exposed at the Earth's surface
through erosion and tectonic
activity.
They can also be associated with
mineral deposits and are important
in geological studies and resource
exploration.
 Volcanism

Volcanism refers to the processes

associated with the eruption of
magma, gases, and volcanic
materials onto the Earth's surface,
resulting in the formation of
volcanic landforms.
 Volcanic rocks are typically fine-
grained or glassy due to rapid cooling
at or near the Earth's surface.
Common examples of volcanic rocks
include basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.
Volcanoes are the landforms through
which volcanic eruptions occur.
 Volcanism occurs when pressure builds up in
magma chambers beneath the Earth's surface,
causing magma to erupt through volcanic vents. The
magma can range from highly fluid to highly viscous,
leading to different types of volcanic eruptions.

Volcanoes are prominent geological features and

can have significant societal and environmental
impacts. Eruptions can result in ash clouds, lava
flows, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic gases.
Volcanic activity plays a key role in the formation
and modification of Earth's crust and contributes to
the creation of new landforms
Interpret
Hot
Liquid rocks
Recite and
Review
1. What type of rock is most
commonly associated with
plutonism?

A) Basalt
B) Granite
C) Sandstone
D) Shale
 2. Which of the following volcanic
features is characterized by explosive
eruptions and a steep-sided, conical
shape?

A) Shield volcano
B) Caldera
C) Stratovolcano
D) Lava dome
Which of the following best describes
the cooling and solidification process
of magma in plutonism?

A) Rapid cooling at the Earth's surface

B) Slow cooling deep within the Earth's
crust
C) Cooling in the mantle
D) Instantaneous solidification upon
eruption
 What type of volcanic rock is typically
associated with explosive eruptions and
high silica content?

A) Basalt
B) Rhyolite
C) Andesite
D) Obsidian
Which geological feature is formed when
a large body of magma solidifies beneath
the Earth's surface and is later exposed
through erosion?

A) Shield volcano
B) Lava tube
C) Dike
D) Batholith
Application
 Answer
1. B) Granite
(Plutonism is associated with intrusive igneous rocks like
granite.)
2. C) Stratovolcano
(Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite volcanoes, have steep
sides and often produce explosive eruptions.)

3. B) Slow cooling deep within the Earth's

crust
(Plutonism involves the slow cooling and solidification of
magma deep underground.)
4. B) Rhyolite
(Rhyolitic volcanic rocks are rich in silica and
commonly associated with explosive eruptions.)

5. D) Batholith
(A batholith is a large body of intrusive igneous
rock formed when magma solidifies beneath the
Earth's surface and is later exposed through
erosion.)
Application
 Incorporating my current learnings about
plutonism and volcanism into my life can
lead to a rewarding and fulfilling career in
geology or related fields. Whether i choose
to work in academia, industry, or
environmental management, your
knowledge of Earth's geological processes
will be a valuable asset. Additionally, it can
contribute to a better understanding of our
planet's history and the challenges it faces
in the future.
Correlation
Historically, there were rumors and
legends suggesting that volcanoes
were the source of valuable
minerals and precious metals, such
as gold and silver. While volcanic
environments can host mineral
deposits, the exact geological
processes involved were not well
understood in the past.
 Today, we have a much clearer
understanding of how mineral
deposits are formed in volcanic
environments. This knowledge has
practical implications for mining
and resource exploration,
contributing to future economic
opportunities and resource
management.
Summary
What i have learned in Learning Competency 16
is all about Magma Plutonism refers to the
geological processes associated with the
formation of intrusive igneous rocks deep
within the Earth's crust. Plutonic rocks are
formed from the slow cooling and
solidification of magma beneath the Earth's
surface. This slow cooling results in a coarse-
grained texture. Granite, diorite, and gabbro
are examples of common plutonic rocks, each
with distinct mineral compositions.
Volcanism is the geological process involving the
eruption of magma, gases, and volcanic
materials onto the Earth's surface. Volcanic
eruptions occur when pressure builds up in
magma chambers beneath the Earth's surface,
causing magma to erupt through volcanic vents.
Volcanic rocks are typically fine-grained or glassy
due to rapid cooling at or near the Earth's
surface. Basalt, andesite, and rhyolite are
common types of volcanic rocks.
 Volcanic eruptions create various landforms,
including volcanoes (such as stratovolcanoes and
shield volcanoes), calderas, and lava flows.

Both plutonism and volcanism are fundamental

geological processes that have shaped the
Earth's crust and surface over geological time
scales. They continue to influence the landscape
and are of great interest to geologists, scientists,
and researchers studying Earth's dynamic
processes.
Thank
you!