Supercharger and

Turbocharger
INTRODUCTION
 POWER OF ENGINE DEPENDS ON ?
 AIR PER UNIT TIME, UTILIZATION OF AIR AND THERMAL EFFICIENCY
 HOW TO INCREASE AIR INDICATED PER UNIT TIME ?
 INCREASE SPEED SO WHAT EFFECTS IT WILL BRING ?
 INERTIA INCREASE SO RIGID AND ROBUST ENGINE, VOLUMATRIC EFF. DECRESE
 INCRESE AIR DENSITY
THE METHOD OF INCREASING INLET AIR DENSITY CALLED
SUPERCHARGING
A SUPERCHARGER IS AN AIR COMPRESSOR THAT INCREASES THE
PRESSURE OR DENSITY OF AIR SUPPLIED TO AN INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE.
OBJECTS OF SUPERCHARGING

 Toincrease power output for a given weight and bulk of engine,

mainly for aircraft, marine and automotive engine where weight and
space are important
 Tocompensate power loss at high altitude because approx. 1%
power loss per 100m for aircraft engine
 To obtain more power from existing engine
Thermodynamic cycle with supercharging

 Increase in pressure over

unsupercharged cycle
 Pumping loop is positive
Supercharging of SI engine

 mainly for aircraft and racing car because

 Supercharging lead to pre ignition because high intake temp. and pressure reduces
ignition delay and increase flame speed.
 To reduce that effect lower compression ratio is use.
 Lower compression ratio and higher heat loss due to higher specific heat and
dissociation losses leads to lower thermal efficiency.
 This leads to more fuel consumption
 Because of poor fuel economy supercharging of petrol engine is not popular.
Supercharging of CI engine

 Unlike SI engine, supercharging does not create combustion problem, rather it

improves combustion
 Reduction in ignition delay due to high intake air temperature and pressure
resulted into better, quitter and smoother combustion
 It allows to use poor quality fuel
 Increase in air intake temperature reduce volumetric eff. but higher density due to
higher pressure compensate it and inter cooling is required in highly supercharged
engine
Method of supercharging
(a) Compressor run by engine
(b) Exhaust driven turbocharger run compressor
(c) Turbocharger, supercharger and engine all are coupled
(d) Engine supplies total power to compressor and exhaust gas
drives turbine to generate output power and this
arrangement is called free piston engine
Supercharger types

 Reciprocating compressor
 Stationary engine, bulky
 Vane compressor
 Obsolete due to pulsating flow, noisy and limited speed
 Roots blower
 Extra work when exhaust port open, reduce pulsation by three lobes
 Used for pressure ratio upto 2
 Vol. eff. decreases rapidly with increasing pressure ratio
 Used in low to medium speed and stationary and marine engines
 Centrifugal compressor
 1.5 to 3 pressure ratio is achieved
Turbocharger

 Turbocharger are centrifugal compressors driven by exhaust gas

 27 to 38% energy goes into exhaust gas
 Part of it utilizes to run turbine and coupled with supercharger increases power
output of engine with better thermal eff. and fuel consumption
 Utilization of exhaust gas high velocity by expanding upto atm pressure using
turbocharger gives more power output
 In order to supply sufficient energy to turbocharger the exhaust valve is open
early compare to naturally aspirated engine so loss in piston work but it is offset
by better charging and scavenging of engine
Thank
you