EATING DISORDER AND

OBESITY
Aleena Treesa Varkey
3rd Semester
 Eating Disorder
• Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating behavior.
• Psychological conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits to develop. Such as an obsession
with food, body weight, or body shape.
• Common signs are:
 dramatic weight loss or weight gain
 concern about eating in public
 repeatedly weighing oneself
 patterns of binge eating and purging
 denying feeling hungry
 dressing in layers to hide weight loss
 intense fear of weight gain or being “fat”
 severely limiting and restricting the amount and types of food consumed

20XX presentation title 2

 Types of Eating Disorders

Anorexia Bulimia
Nervosa Nervosa

Avoidant/
Binge Restrictive
Eating Food
Disorder Intake
Disorder
 Anorexia Nervosa
o It is characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and
a distorted perception of weight. There are two types of anorexia nervosa: the restricting
type and the binge-eating/purging type.
o In the restricting type - effort is made to limit the quantity of food consumed. Caloric
intake is tightly controlled. Often try to avoid eating in the presence of other people.
o A binge involves - out of control consumption of an amount of food that is far greater
than what most people would eat in the same amount of time and under the same
circumstances. These binges may be followed by efforts to purge to remove the food they
have eaten.
o DSM-5 criteria
 Refusal to maintain a minimal body weight normal for a particular age and height (this
is typically defined as weight 15% below average).
 Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat despite being underweight.
 Disturbance in how one experiences one’s body weight, size, or shape (e.g., feeling fat
even when one is clearly underweight)

20XX presentation title 4

 Bulimia Nervosa
o Bulimia nervosa is characterized by uncontrollable binge eating and efforts to prevent resulting
weight gain by using inappropriate behaviors such as self-induced vomiting and excessive
exercise.
o DSM-5 Criteria
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating. It is characterized by both of the following:
1. Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely
larger than what most individuals would eat.
2. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling
that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).
B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as
self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or
excessive exercise.
C. The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least
once a week for 3 months.
D. Self-evaluation is excessively influenced by body shape and weight.
E. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa.

20XX presentation title 5

 Binge Eating Disorder
o Binge-eating disorder is an eating disorder in which you frequently consume unusually
large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating.
o Some clinical features are similar to bulimia nervosa. But in BED, after a binge the person
does not engage in any form of inappropriate “compensatory” behavior. This might
include purging, using laxatives, or even exercising to limit weight gain.

DSM-5
Criteria:

20XX presentation title 6

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
o Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is
an eating disorder similar to anorexia. Both
conditions involve intense restrictions on the
amount of food and types of foods you eat.
o But unlike anorexia, people with ARFID aren’t
worried about their body image, shape, or size.
o ARFID can cause you to:
• Lose interest in eating.
• Feel anxious about the consequences of eating,
like choking on food or vomiting.
• Avoid foods that have an unwanted color, taste,
texture or smell.

20XX presentation title 7

 Treatments
o Psychotherapy: Many people with eating disorders improve with cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT). This form of therapy helps you understand and change
distorted thinking patterns that drive behaviors and emotions.
o Maudsley approach: This form of family therapy helps parents of teenagers with
eating disorders. Parents actively guide a child’s eating while they learn healthier
habits.
o Nutrition counseling: A registered dietitian with training in eating disorders can help
improve eating habits and develop nutritious meal plans. This specialist can also offer
tips for grocery shopping, meal planning and preparation.
o Medication: Anorexia nervosa is not often treated with medication, however bulimia
nervosa or binge eating disorder patients frequently experience mood abnormalities
and anxiety, thus antidepressants are used to treat them.

20XX presentation title 8

 Obesity
o Obesity is the excessive accumulation of body fat, usually caused
by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The
excess calories are then stored as fat, or adipose tissue.
o According to WHO recommendations, BMI is used to define and
diagnose obesity. In adults, the WHO defines "overweight" as a
BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 and "obese" as having a BMI
exceeding 30. Obesity is further classified into three severity
levels:
 class I (BMI 30.0-34.9)
 class II (BMI 35.0-39.9)
 class III (BMI ≥ 40.0)
o Obesity is associated with many medical problems and increased
mortality. These can include heart disease, diabetes, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, liver disease, sleep apnea and certain
cancers.
o Obesity results from inherited, physiological and environmental
factors, combined with diet, physical activity and exercise
choices.

20XX presentation title 9

 Pathways to Obesity

(A) Pathway to obesity is through (B)Pathway may operate via depression

social pressures to be thin. and low self-esteem.

20XX presentation title 10

 Treatments of Obesity
Lifestyle Modifications- involving low calorie diet, exercise, healthy eating habits and
some form of behavioural interventions(self monitoring, reinforcement and
punishment).

Medications- Orlistat, Duromine, Belviq, and combination of Contrave and

bupropion.

Bariatric Surgery- Bariatric surgery, also called weight loss surgery, is a category of
surgical operations intended to help people with obesity lose weight. It works by
modifying your digestive system — usually your stomach, and sometimes also your
small intestine.

20XX presentation title 11