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    Local Anesthetics

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    shahidblogger.123
    This document discusses local anesthetics. It defines them as drugs that produce reversible inhibition of nerve impulses when applied locally. It classifies local anesthetics as esters or amides and lists examples of each. It describes the mechanism of action as blocking sodium channels, which increases excitation threshold and abolishes impulse generation. It lists the order of sensory blockade and recovery. It discusses therapeutic uses in surface anesthesia, infiltration, nerve blocks, spinal anesthesia and more. It notes adverse effects can include CNS effects like lightheadedness or seizures and CVS effects like hypotension, and describes how a vasoconstrictor can decrease adverse effects.

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    Local Anesthetics

    Uploaded by

    shahidblogger.123
    5 views11 pages
    This document discusses local anesthetics. It defines them as drugs that produce reversible inhibition of nerve impulses when applied locally. It classifies local anesthetics as esters or amides and lists examples of each. It describes the mechanism of action as blocking sodium channels, which increases excitation threshold and abolishes impulse generation. It lists the order of sensory blockade and recovery. It discusses therapeutic uses in surface anesthesia, infiltration, nerve blocks, spinal anesthesia and more. It notes adverse effects can include CNS effects like lightheadedness or seizures and CVS effects like hypotension, and describes how a vasoconstrictor can decrease adverse effects.

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    This document discusses local anesthetics. It defines them as drugs that produce reversible inhibition of nerve impulses when applied locally. It classifies local anesthetics as esters or amides and lists examples of each. It describes the mechanism of action as blocking sodium channels, which increases excitation threshold and abolishes impulse generation. It lists the order of sensory blockade and recovery. It discusses therapeutic uses in surface anesthesia, infiltration, nerve blocks, spinal anesthesia and more. It notes adverse effects can include CNS effects like lightheadedness or seizures and CVS effects like hypotension, and describes how a vasoconstrictor can decrease adverse effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views11 pages

    Local Anesthetics

    Uploaded by

    shahidblogger.123
    This document discusses local anesthetics. It defines them as drugs that produce reversible inhibition of nerve impulses when applied locally. It classifies local anesthetics as esters or amides and lists examples of each. It describes the mechanism of action as blocking sodium channels, which increases excitation threshold and abolishes impulse generation. It lists the order of sensory blockade and recovery. It discusses therapeutic uses in surface anesthesia, infiltration, nerve blocks, spinal anesthesia and more. It notes adverse effects can include CNS effects like lightheadedness or seizures and CVS effects like hypotension, and describes how a vasoconstrictor can decrease adverse effects.

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    LOCAL ANESTHETICS

    DR.FOUZIA
    LOCAL ANESTHETICS

    Definition:

    “Drugs that produce reversible inhibition of initiation and propagation


    of impulses in nervous and other excitable tissues when applied locally”
    CLASSIFICATION OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
    Chemical classification:

    A-ESTERS
    Procaine
    Cocaine
    Tetracaine
    Benzocaine
    CLASSIFICATION OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
    Chemical classification:
    A-AMIDES
    Lignocaine /Lidocaine
    Bupivacaine
    Prilocaine
    Ropivacaine
    Articaine
    LOCAL ANESTHETICS

    Mechanism of action:

    1-Diffusion into the nerve fiber


    2-Blockade of sodium channels.
    M.O.A OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
    Result of action of a local anesthetic
    1-The threshold for excitation increases
    2-Impulse conduction slows
    3-Action potential amplitude ↓
    4-Ability to generate an action potential is completely abolished
    LOCAL ANESTHETICS
    Order of blockade:
    1-Pain
    2-Temperature
    3-Touch
    4-Deep pressure
    5-Motor

    Recovery is in reverse order


    THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA
    1-Surface anesthesia
    2-Infiltration anesthesia & field block anesthesia
    3-Nerve block anesthesia
    4-Spinal anesthesia
    5-Epidural anesthesia
    6-Used in ophthalmology
    7-Used in dentistry
    ADVERSE EFFECTS OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
    To ↓ the adverse effects of local anesthetics, add vasoconstrictor
    adrenaline.

    1-CNS effects:
    Light headedness
    Restlessness
    Sleepiness
    Auditory/visual disturbance
    Metallic taste
    ADVERSE EFFECTS OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
    1-CNS effects:
    Tongue numbness
    Muscle twitching
    Nystagmus
    Tonic clonic convulsions
    2- CVS effects:
    Vasodilatation  Hypotensive effects
    Cardiac arrythmias
    3-Local injury:
    Neural injury

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