Facility Layout

Chapter 4
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS

Tran Van Ly
Industrial Engineering and Management
International University
23/12/09 1
Email: tvly@hcmiu.edu.vn
 Lecture outline
I. Introduction
II. The Employee-Facility Interface
III. Restrooms
IV. Food services
V. Health services
VI. Barrier-free compliance
VII.Office facility planning

2
Plant entrance and changing room
layout.

3
I. Introduction
Personnel Requirements
• "Our firm is responsible for our employees
from the moment they leave their home
until they return. We must provide
adequate methods of getting to and from
work."
• "Employees should earn their parking
locations; all spaces should be assigned to
specific individuals."
• "Employees spend one third of their life
within our facility; we must help them
enjoy working here."
• "A happy worker is a productive worker."
• "A hot lunch makes a worker more
productive since it supplies them energy."
• "Workers who do not feel well are unsafe
workers; we should provide medical care
to maintain health."
• "Our company has an obligation to our
personnel; we will make all our facilities
ADA compliant."
• "Except for individuals in private offices,
no one is allowed to smoke in our
building."
• "Our employees work hard; the least we
can do is provide a place for them to
unwind after a hard day's work.
Employees who play together will work
better together."
• "Personnel considerations are of little
importance in our facility. We pay people
to work, not to have a good time."
4
I. Introduction

5
I. Introduction

6
I. Introduction
Personnel Requirements
• Gym • Garden cubic

7
I. Introduction
Personnel Requirements – Ergonomic

8
 II. The employee-Facility Interface
1. Employee parking:
– Number of automobiles to be parked.
– Space required for each automobile.
– Available space for parking.
– Alternative parking layouts for alternative parking patterns.
– Select the layout that best utilizes space and maximizes employee convenience.
– 1/1.25 to 1/3 parking space/employee
– Handicapped parking:2/100 min.
– No more than 500ft. (1ft=30cm.)

Fig 4_01: shows

the
recommended
range of stall
widths (SW) in
feet for various
car types and
users.

(Source:
Ramsey and
Sleeper)

9
II. The employee-Facility Interface
– 1/1.25 to 1/3 parking space/employee
– Handicapped parking:2/100 min.

10
II. The employee-Facility Interface
– 1/1.25 to 1/3 parking space/employee
– Handicapped parking:2/100 min.

11
2. Factors in employee parking
a. The percentage of automobiles to be parked that are compact automobiles. As a planning guideline,
if more specific or current data are not available, 33% of all parking is often allocated to compact
automobiles.
b. Increasing the area provided for parking decreases the amount of time required to park and de-park.
c. Angular configurations allow quicker turnover; perpendicular parking often yields greater space
utilization, although it also requires wider aisles.
d. As the angle of a parking space increases, so does the required space allocated to aisles.
Table 04_01: Module width for each car group as a function of
single- and double-loaded module options

Fig 04_02: Single- and double-loaded module options

12
 Example
A new facility is to have 200 employees. A survey of similar facilities indicates that one parking
pace must be provided for every two employees and that 40% of all automobiles driven to
work are compact automobiles. Five percent of the spaces should be allocated for the
handicapped. The available parking lot space is 180 feet wide and 200 feet deep.
• Assuming no walls and no walking edge, determine the best parking layout using SW of 8’-6”
for standard cars.

• Using the fig 4-2 and table 4-1, we can obtain:

Fig 04_03: Parking lot for the example 13

(recommended layout)
 Example 4.1
• A new facility is to have 200 employees. A survey of
similar facilities indicates that one parking space must
be provided for every two employees and that 40% of
all automobiles driven to work are compact
automobiles. Five percent of the spaces should be
allocated for the handicapped. The available parking
lot space is 180 ft and 200 ft deep. Assuming no walls
and no walking edge, determine the best parking
layout using stall width, SW=8’-6” for standard cars.

14
 Example 4.1
• If the new facility were to have the same number of
parking spaces as similar facilities, 100 spaces would
be required. Of these 100 spaces, 40 could be for
compact automobiles. However, not all drivers of
compact cars will park in a compact space.
Therefore, only 30 compact spaces will be provided.
Begin the layout of the lot using 90° double-loaded,
two way traffic because of its efficient use of space
to determine if the available lot is adequate. From
Figure 4.2, W4 is the required module option.
Using the W4 module and Table 4.1, we can obtain the
following: 15
 From Figure 4.1
8’

8.5’

16
 Figure 4.2 Single- and double-
loaded module options.

θ is the parking angle, PW is parking width, and SW is the stall width. At an

angle of 90° (sine 90° = 1),
PW = SW. As the parking angle decreases, PW increases accordingly.

17
Table 4.1

Compact
cars

Standard
cars

18
 The Employee-Facility Interface
• 100 parking spaces Parking
– 30 compact cars (57’-2”) 
– 70 standard cars (66’-0”) 
1. Check to see if the depth of the lot (200 feet) can
accommodate a parking layout consisting of two modules
of standard cars and one compact module.
2*66′ + 1*(57′2") = 189′2“
189’2” < 200’; therefore, depth requirements✓
Compact cars Standard cars Standard cars
-----57’-2”----- -----60’----- -----60’-----

2 rows per    
module
     
---------------------------189’2” < 200’------------------------
19
 The Employee-Facility Interface -
Parking
2. Each compact module row will yield a car capacity
based on the width of the lot (180 feet) divided by the
width requirement per stall (8 feet) times the rows per
module (2).
(180′/8′)× 2 = 44 (45)

20
 The Employee-Facility Interface -
Parking
3. Similarly, each standard module row will yield a car
capacity based on the width of the lot (180 feet) divided
by the width requirement per stall (8.5 feet) times the
number of rows per module (2) times the number of
modules (2).
(180′/8.5′)× 2 × 2 = 84 ~ 85
Total cars = 44 + 84 = 128 (130)
*This is greater than the required number so we know
that this configuration is feasible.

21
 The Employee-Facility Interface -
Parking
4. Now we have to include five handicap spaces.
The requirements and circulation reveals the following:
•Row 1 will handle all five handicap spaces: 5(12’) = 60.
•The remaining space will be occupied by standard cars: (180-
60)/8.5 = 14 spaces
•Row adjusting for two circulation lanes of 15’ each, row 2 will
handle(180–(15 x 2))/8.5 = 17 spaces
•Rows 3 and 4 will yield the same number of spaces (17)
•Row 5 will have (180–30)/8 = 18 spaces
•Row 6 will handle 180/8 = 22 spaces
22
The Employee-Facility Interface –
Parking (Listing)
Row Compact Standard Handicap

1 14 5

2 17

3 17

4 17

5 18

6 22

Total 40 65 5

23
Figure 4.3 Parking lot for Example
4.1.

24
Parking lot for motorbike

25
3. Storage of Employees Personal Belongings
- Storage of employee personal belongings should be
provided between the employee entrance and work
area.
- Employees who either change their clothes or work
where toxic substances are present should be provided
with lockers.
- Employees working in food processing and cooler and
freezer applications should be provided with lockers.
- For planning purposes, 6sqf should be allocated for each
person using the locker room.
- If shower facilities are to be provided, they should be
located in the locker room
26
 3. Storage of Employees Personal Belongings

Fig 4_05 provides an example of a plant entrance and changing room layout
• Lunches,
• Briefcases,
• Purses
• Locker room
• Shower
• Sinks
• Mirrors

27
III. Restrooms
- A restroom should be located within 200 feet of every
permanent workstation.
- Decentralized restrooms often provide greater employee
convenience than large, centralized rest rooms.
- Access to restrooms must be available to handicapped
employees. Hence, some restrooms must be at ground level.
- Separate restrooms should be provided for men and
women.
- The recommended minimum number of toilets (i.e. water
closets) for the number of employees working within a
facility is given in Table 4.2.

28
 III. Restrooms
Table 04_02: Plumbing fixture requirements for number of employees

• 60 m. far
• Invisibility

• Toilet – 15sqf, urinal – 6sqf

(handicapped)
• Sink – 6sqf (1 sink/3 toilets)
• Entrance – 15sqf
• Beds (60sqf) and cots

29
 III. Restrooms

Restroom layout with typical

fixture clearances

30
IV. Food Services
• OSHA forbidding consumption of foods where toxic
substances exist.
• Food service activities may be viewed by a firm as a
necessity, a convenience, or a luxury.
• Firm’s policy on off-premises dining, subsidizing the
costs of meals, and the amount of time allowed for
meals, has a significant impact on the planning of food
service facilities.
• Food service facilities should be planned by considering
the number of employees who eat in the facilities
during peak activity time.
• Kitchen facilities, on the other hand, should be planned
by considering the total number of meals to be served
31
 IV. Food Services
• If employees eat in shifts, the first third of each shift
will typically be used by the employee preparing to
eat and obtaining the meal. The remainder of the
time will be spent at a table eating. Therefore, if a
30-minute meal break is planned, dining shifts, as
shown in Table 4.3, may begin every 20 minutes. In
a like manner, if a 45-minute break is planned, shifts
may begin every 30 minutes.

32
IV. Food Services
Alternatives to satisfy food service requirements:
•Dining away from the facility
•Vending machines and cafeteria
•Serving line and cafeteria
•Full kitchen and cafeteria

33
IV. Food Services
• Dining away from the facility. • Lunch+Rest breaks
• Vending machines and cafeteria.
• Serving line and cafeteria. • 200+ feasible
• Full kitchen and cafeteria.
• 400+ feasible
Table 04_03: Shifting timing for 30-minute lunch breaks

Example: If a industrial
facility employs 600
people and they are to
eat in 03 equal 30-
Table 04_04: Space requirements for cafeterias
minute shifts, how much
space should be
planned for cafeteria
with vending machines,
Table 04_05: Space requirements for full kitchen serving lines, or a full
kitchen?

34
V. Health Services
• Minimum: 100sqf
(1 bed, 2 chairs, )
• 250sqf +2beds
with a nurse, 75sqf
waiting room,
• 250sqf for
additional nurse +
25sqf waiting
room,
• 150sqf of an exam
room for a doctor

35
V. Health Services
• pre-employment
examinations,
• first aid
treatment,
• major medical
treatment,
• dental care, and
• treatment of
illnesses.

Fig 04_09: Nursing station layout

36
VI. Barrier - free compliance
Apply to all public facilities
• Assembly
• Business
• Educational
• Factories and industrial
• Institutional

37
VI. Barrier - free compliance

Fig 04_10: Wheelchair dimensions and turning radius

Fig 04_11: Able-bodied anthropomorphic

clearance and reach requirements in
standing and sitting positions

38
VII. Office Facility Planning: Open Offices
1. Improved communications
2. Improved supervision
3. Better access to common files and
equipment
4. Easier to illuminate, heat, cool,
and ventilate
5. Lower maintenance costs
6. Reduced space requirements clue
to space flexibility

1. Lack of privacy
2. Lack of status recognition
3. Difficulty in controlling noise
4. Easy access for interruptions and
interference

39
Fig 04_12: Examples of office systems
 Office planning in high-tech, high-growth environments

Three features act as enablers to

growth companies:
1.Speed to market
2.Capital preservation
3.Scalability

Fig 04_14: Cost comparison based on 23-person firm.

(Courtesy of Enfrastructure, Inc.)

Fig 04_13: Comparison between traditional and

pyramid structure outsourcing. 40
(Courtesy of Enfra-structure, Inc.)
Fig 04_15: Floor plan of office areas.
(Courtesy of Enfrastructure, Inc.)

Fig 04_17: Floor plan showing amenities.

(Courtesy of Enfrastructure, Inc.)

41
 HW3
1. Using 90° double-loaded with other data in the
Example 4.1 to design the new layout; comment on
the two results
2. What is the Employee – Facility interface? List down
the important things which should be included while
planning for personnel requirements

42