Seminar on

CHEMICAL BASED HAZARDS

Subject Name: Hazard and safety management
Subject Code: PP02CMQA01

Name of Student: Amisha Haresh Rohit

Roll No: 22QA02
Semester: 2nd
Course: M. Pharm (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance)

Seminar Mentor: Dr. S. J. PARMAR

Designation: Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE 1

SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
VALLABH VIDHYANAGAR
TABLE OF CONTENT

• Introduction
• Sources of chemical hazards
• Hazards of organic synthesis
• Sulphonating hazard
• Organic solvent hazard
• Control measures for chemical hazards

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 INTRODUCTION

 What is hazard?
 Hazard is a term associated with a substance that is likelihood to cause
an injury in a given environment or situation.
 What is safety?
 Safety in simple terms means freedom from the occurrence of risk or
injury or loss.
 What is industrial hazards?
 Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by
industries that may cause injury or death to personnel and loss of
product or property.

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 What is Chemical hazards?
A chemical Hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused by exposure
to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure to chemicals in the workplace
can cause acute or long-term health effects.

 TYPES OF HAZARDS
• Chemical hazards
• Physical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Mechanical hazards
• Electrical hazards
• Fire and dust hazards

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TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

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 SOURCES OF CHEMICAL HAZARD

Industrial
Chemicals

Laboratory Household
Hazards Products

Hazardous
Agriculture
Waste

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 Chemical hazards can enter and harm the body by four main routes:

INHAL
ATION

FOUR
INJECTI ABSOR
ON MAIN PTION
ROUTES

INGES
TION
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1. INHALATION:

• Inhalation is the most common route

of entry a person comes into contact
with a chemical.
• Once inhaled, chemicals are either
exhaled or deposited in the
respiratory tract.
• Upon contact with tissue in the upper
respiratory tract or lungs, chemicals
may cause health effects ranging
from simple irritation to severe tissue
destruction.
• The chemical can also go onto
affecting organs that are sensitive to
the chemical. 8
2. ABSORPTION:

• Getting chemicals onto the skin

or eyes can result in redness
and irritation all the way to
severe destruction of tissue or
blindness.
• The eyes are especially
sensitive to chemicals.
• Some chemicals have the
ability to pass through the skin
and get into the bloodstream of
a victim.
• This can lead to systemic
problems in the organs.
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3. INGESTION:

• Chemicals that inadvertently get

into the mouth and are swallowed
do not generally harm the
gastrointestinal tract itself unless
they are irritating or corrosive.
• Some chemicals can be absorbed
through the gastrointestinal tract,
where they enter the bloodstream.
• Once in the bloodstream, they can
cause damage to the organs.

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4. INJECTION:

• Though not common,

injection of chemicals into
the body can occur.
• A sharp object can be
contaminated with a
chemical or substance and
penetrate the skin.
• The chemical is then in the
body and can make its way
into the bloodstream, where
it can damage organs or
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other tissue.
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HAZARD OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

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SULPHONATING HAZARD

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 ORGANIC SOLVENT HAZARD

• A vast majority of the organic solvents used in industry and

laboratories are volatile, hazardous and toxic organic compounds and
they form a portion of the large waste by-products of the industry
creating pollution.
• Most of the organic solvents are highly volatile, they are readily
absorbed through the lungs and skin adversely affecting the
functioning of various systems in the body.
• A vast majority of the organic solvents used in industry and
laboratories are volatile hazardous and toxic organic compounds.
• For example, Trichloroethylene (TCE) is widely used as a degreasing
agent for metal parts in industry. According to a recent international
study the use of TCE in work place is linked to a six fold increased
risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
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 HEALTH EFFECTS

1. Skin:
• The skin contains high levels of fats and upon contact with solvents can
cause defatting. As a result, the skin becomes dry, scaly and eventually
cracked.
• A dry, cracked skin tissue further allows greater absorption of solvent upon
direct contact.
• Solvents like Toluene, Xylene, Butanol & Styrene cause skin irritation and
irritant dermatitis.

2. Respiratory tract:
• All organic solvents irritate the upper respiratory tract to some degree.
• Long-term exposure to the stronger irritants(Ex. Aldehydes) may lead to
chronic or persisting cough and increased sputum production.

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3. Heart:
• Chlorinated organic solvents, such as Methylene chloride and Trichloro
ethane are known for their harmful effects on the heart.
• Chronic exposure to Carbon disulphide is considered as a contributory factor
in coronary heart disease.
• Repeated exposure to some solvents can cause cardiac sensitization, which
can produce life-threatening irregularities in the rhythm of the heart, which
can be considered as a possible cause of sudden death in otherwise healthy
individuals exposed to high levels of organic solvents.

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CONTROL MEASURES FOR CHEMICAL HAZARDS

STORAGE LABELLING

PERSONEL
HANDLING
HYGIENE

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AS PER CANADIAN
1. STORAGE
• All chemical products must be stored and labelled in accordance with the
instructions on the safety sheet.
• Chemicals must not be stored together with inflammable material and gas
cylinders.
• Do not store acids and alkalis together.
• Do not store strong acids and organic substances together
• Do not store strongly oxidizing substances together with oxidizable
substances.

2. LABELLING

• Chemicals must normally be stored in their original packaging. If you need

smaller amounts of a chemical, the new packaging must be suitable for the
substance. Labelling must be in accordance with the original packaging. It
must always be possible to know what substance the packaging contains and
what risks there may be. 19
3. HANDLING OF CHEMICALS:

• Always read the safety data sheet and the text on the packaging carefully
when you are about to use a product with which you are not completely
familiar with the risks. Contact the environmental coordinator if you are
unsure about handling methods.
• Use personal protection equipment (e.g. gloves, face mask) where necessary.
• Surplus chemicals and hazardous waste must be dealt with in accordance
with the information in the safety data sheet.
• First Aid equipment must be available.
• Workplaces must be cleaned regularly. There must not be chemical spills on
the floor.

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4. PERSONEL HYGIENE

• Smoking is forbidden in the factory area outside specially assigned smoking

areas. If you smoke, remember to wash your hands before lighting up a
cigarette. Otherwise chemical substances can be transferred by skin contact
or breathed in.
• Immediately wash off chemical traces from the skin. Read the safety data
sheet or ask your immediate superior if you are not sure what needs to be
done
• Food products must not be stored or eaten in premises where chemicals are
handled.
• Work clothes must be kept clean. If you have been in contact with chemicals,
take a shower before you go home.

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REFERENCES

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