HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND CRISIS

MANAGEMENT

JONATHAN M. SERMONA
What is BEHAVIOR?

-Behavior is anything that can be

observed and measured.

-In biology the term behavior refers

to the means by which living things
respond to their environments.
What is human behavior?

It is the voluntary or involuntary

attitude a person adopts, in order to fit
society’s idea of right or wrong.

It is partially determined by heredity

or environment
Behavioral modernity

is a term used in anthropology,

archeology and sociology to refer
to a set of traits that distinguish
present day humans and their
recent ancestors from both living
primates and other extinct hominid
lineages.
It is the point at which Homo
sapiens began to demonstrate a
reliance on symbolic thought and
to express cultural creativity. These
developments are often thought to
be associated with the origin of
language.
Emotion
is the complex psycho-physiological
experience of an individual's state of
mind as interacting with biochemical
(internal) and environmental (external)
influences. In humans, emotion
fundamentally involves "physiologic
arousal, expressive behaviors, and
conscious experience".
Example of emotions
Anger
Anxiety
Curiosity
Fear
Frustration
Gratitude
Guilt
Happiness
Hatred
Hope
Viewpoints in the study of
behavior

NEUROLOGICAL-
human actions in relation to events
taking place inside the body,
especially the brain and the
nervous system
BEHAVIORAL – focuses on external
activities that can be observed and
measured.
COGNITIVE-is concerned with the way
the brain processes and transforms
information in various ways.
PSYCHOANALYTICAL-emphasizes
unconscious motives stemming from
repressed sexual and aggressive
impulse in childhood.
Two basic sources of human
behavior:

1. INHERITED BEHAVIOR- exhibited

due to genetic endowment or the
process of natural selection.
2. LEARNED BEHAVIOR-involves
cognitive adaptation that enhances
human being’s ability to cope with
changes in the environment.
Personality dimensions that affect human
behavior:
EXTRAVERSION – represents a central
nervous system tendency that
determines need for stimulation and
excitement.
NEUROTICISM- it reflects an innate
biological predisposition to react
physiologically to stressful or upsetting
events.(moody, anxious and nervous)
PSYCHOTICISM-
it is characterized by cold cruelty,
social insensibility, disregard for
danger, troublesome behavior,
dislike of others and an attraction
toward the unusual.
Mental disorder

In sociological viewpoint, is the

persistent inability to adapt oneself
to the ordinary environment.

In medicine, it is the prolonged

departure of the individual from
his natural mental state.
Factors that affect mental disorders
1.Heredity – this is the most
frequent with family histories
revealing mental illnesses.
2.Incestuous marriages - blood
incompatibility of parents,
maternal infection during the early
stages of pregnancy are some
disorders associated with
incestuous marriages.
3. Impaired vitality- mental worry,
grief, physical strain, unhygienic
surroundings, infections and birth
trauma may predispose a person to
mental disorders.
4. Poor moral values training and
Breeding – improper breeding and
poor moral values training particularly
those affecting free will and self-
control, undesirable associations.
5. Psychic Factors – emotional
disturbances such as love, hatred,
passion, frustration and
disappointment.
Some manifestations of mental
disorder
1. ILLUSION- a false interpretation
of an external stimulus.
2. HALLUCINATION – an erroneous
perception without an external
object of stimulus.
3. AMNESIA-loss of memory
-anterograde (recent events)
4. DELUSION – a false or erroneous
belief in something which is not a fact.

5. MANIA – a state of excitement

accompanied by exaltation or a feeling
of well-being which is out of harmony.

6. APATHY – serious disregard for the

surrounding and the environment.
7. PHOBIA – irrational, excessive and
uncontrollable fear of the perfectly
natural situation of object.
8. IMPULSION- irresistible force
compelling a person to the conscious
performance of some action without
motive or forethought.
9. COMPULSION – a person is
compelled to perform some actions
against his freewill.
Classical types of mental deficiencies

1. IDIOT – cannot express himself

by language, is quiet, timid and
easily irritated(2 YEARS) (IQ is from
0-20)

2. IMBECILE – able to speak but

with poor command of language(3
to 7 yrs.) (IQ 21-40)
3. FEEBLE-MINDED – incapable of
receiving instructions in school( 8
and 12) (IQ 41-70).

4. MORON – is also considered a

feeble-minded person although he
is of considerably higher
intelligence than an imbecile.
Other conditions manifesting
mental-disorder

SOMNAMBULISM- a person
performs an act while sleeping.
SEMISOMNOLENCE – a person is in
a semi somnolent state when he
performs an act while he is half
asleep or half awake.
Other Factors affecting human
behavior
Attitude – the degree to which the
person has a favorable or unfavorable
evaluation of the behavior in question.
Social norms – the influence of social
pressure that is perceived by the
individual (normative beliefs) to
perform or not perform a certain
behavior.
Perceived behavioral control – the
individual's belief concerning how
easy or difficult performing the
behavior will be.
Sexual Deviant Behavior
Voyeurism - sexual gratification from
observing the naked bodies or sexual
acts of other
Transvestism- A person who dresses
and acts in a style or manner
traditionally associated with the
opposite sex
Transexualism- a person who has
undergone a sex change operation
Pedophilia - An adult who is sexually
attracted to a child or children.

Homosexual – having sexual

attraction to the same sex.

Heterosexual – having sexual

attraction to the opposite sex
 CRISIS
Management
What is Crisis ?
CRISIS
“A crisis is a crucial
event or situation
requiring a special
response to assure an
acceptable solution”
Crisis is Characterized by:
Time Compression
Necessitates rapid response.
Necessitates unexpected response
Normal activities carry onThreats to
- Life
- Property
- Reputations
- Relationships
- Operations
Demands Accurate and Risk Effective
Action
Crisis Management

Refers to measures to identify,

acquire, and plan the use of
resources needed to anticipate,
prevent, and/or resolve a crisis,
disaster, threat to public safety or
act of terrorism.
 Two types of Crisis

Man-made Natural
 Two Phases:

1. Proactive Phase

2. Reactive Phase
Proactive Phase

- designed to predict or
prevent the probability of
occurrence of crises at the
same time prepare to handle
them when they occur
4P Crisis Management Model
Proactive Phase
Prediction
Prevention
Preparation
Reactive Phase
Performance
IMPORTANT

“During times of confusion and

chaos, the first thing those people
who were affected want to see is a
quick government response that
would bring back normalcy in the
least possible time”
MORE IMPORTANT

“A quick response to critical

incidents can only be attained if all
those who are involved know and
understand their role in the over-all
plan”
Three Levels of Command

STRATEGIC

OPERATIONAL

TACTICAL
ACTIONS DURING CRISIS

1. CONTAIN the incident

2. ISOLATE the affected area
3. EVACUATE person at risk
4. APPROPRIATE POLICE
ACTION
5. RESTORE NORMALCY/REHAB
CONTAINMENT

First response procedures

Identify & locate the incident
Identify immediate extent and potential risk of the
problem
Secure the scene & establish perimeter
security
Monitoring the progress of the incident
Establish an Operation Center
Establish On Scene Command Post
ISOLATE THE IMPACT AREA

Establish a security zone

Identify access for each CM
components
Monitoring the progress of the incident
Gathering of information
Establish a crisis committee if
necessary
Clear areas for possible evacuation
EVACUATION
Evacuation procedures
Establish triage area
Management of Casualties
Tagging of victims
Identify temporary mortuary
area
RESTORE NORMALCY/
REHABILITATION
Government responsibility
Hospitalization/Medication
Construction/Repair
Counseling
Debriefing
Assessment & revisions of
plans
 OVERVIEW ON
CRISIS NEGOTIATION
Definition of Terms

Hostage Taking – the unlawful

taking of a person against his will
and used as a bargaining chip in
order to meet the demand of the
suspect.
Hostage Negotiation – the art of
communication with a person in
crisis, the primordial objective of
which is to save lives.
Hostage Negotiator – the
spokesperson for the
police/government who is directly
engaged in talking with the
suspect.
Negotiation is the preferred option
for the resolution of high risk
situations. The aim is to achieve a
peaceful resolution to a situation
without loss of life, injury to any
person, or damage to any
property.”
HOSTAGE NEGOTIATION

The primary concern for every

negotiation should always be for
the safe release of the hostages
and safe surrender of the hostage-
takers or arrest of the suspects
The negotiator’s first priority at the
beginning of a negotiation is to
gather information.

The negotiator is paying close

attention to the hostage-taker’s
responses, mannerisms and
general attitude in order to create
a rough psychological profile.
GENERAL POLICY ON NEGOTIATION
“NO SUBSTANTIVE CONCESSIONS
No prisoners for hostages
No major policy changes
No escape from prosecution
No capitulation by the authorities
Factors affecting the Hostage Negotiation
process
1. Untrained Personnel
2. Time
3. The Negotiation Team
4. The Negotiations Area
5. Use of Interpreter and Intermediary
6. Containment and Control
7. Control of Phone Lines
8. Controlling Utilities
Negotiation Team

Team Leader/Coordinator
Primary Negotiator
Secondary Negotiator
Intelligence/Recorder Negotiator
Board Negotiator
Role of Negotiator Co-ordinator

Team leader
Selection of team
Location of cell
Deployment of Interpreter/
Intermediary.
Tactical co-ordination
Commanders do not negotiate.

Negotiators do not command.

Thank You!